Video games are a popular form of entertainment enjoyed by many people. A common question arises regarding whether playing video games can lead to seizures. While it is not possible to acquire epilepsy solely from playing video games, certain visual stimuli within games can trigger seizures in a small percentage of individuals who have a specific neurological condition.
Understanding Photosensitive Epilepsy
Photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) is a specific type of epilepsy where seizures are triggered by flashing lights or contrasting visual patterns. This condition affects approximately 3% to 5% of all people with epilepsy. For individuals with photosensitivity, certain visual stimuli can induce abnormal electrical activity in the brain’s occipital lobe, which processes vision. This irregular electrical activity can then spread, potentially leading to a seizure. Photosensitivity often has a genetic component and is more commonly observed in children and adolescents.
Visual Triggers in Video Games
Video games contain various visual elements that can act as triggers for individuals with photosensitive epilepsy. Rapidly flashing lights are a primary concern, particularly those flashing between 5 and 30 times per second (Hertz). High-contrast patterns, such as bold stripes or checkerboards, can also induce seizures. Sudden changes in brightness or rapid alterations between light and dark images contribute to the risk. Specific colors, like red and blue, have also been identified as potential triggers.
In-game elements such as explosions, fast-moving camera cuts, and certain special effects can present these problematic visual patterns. Game developers often include warnings on packaging or during game startup to inform players about potential photosensitive triggers. Industry guidelines encourage developers to design games that minimize these risks.
Identifying Risk Factors and Warning Signs
Most individuals who play video games do not face a risk of seizures from gaming. The primary risk factor is having photosensitive epilepsy. Children and adolescents, particularly those between 7 and 19 years of age, are more commonly affected by this condition.
Players or bystanders should be aware of potential warning signs of a seizure. These can include lightheadedness, altered vision, eye or face twitching, and jerking or shaking of the arms or legs. Disorientation, confusion, or a momentary loss of awareness can also occur. In some instances, seizures may involve a loss of consciousness or convulsions, which can potentially lead to injury. It is important to distinguish these symptoms from general eye strain or motion sickness, which are more common and less serious. Factors such as fatigue, stress, excitement, or prolonged gaming sessions without breaks can increase susceptibility to seizures in vulnerable individuals.
Strategies for Safety and Response
Taking proactive measures can help reduce the risk of photosensitive seizures while gaming. Regular breaks, aiming for at least 10 to 15 minutes per hour, are beneficial to reduce brain stress and overstimulation. Playing in a well-lit room helps reduce the contrast between the screen and the surrounding environment. Avoiding gaming when tired or fatigued is also advisable, as sleep deprivation can increase seizure susceptibility.
Adjusting screen brightness and contrast settings can lower the intensity of visual stimuli. Sitting at a distance of at least 2 meters, or three times the width of the screen, can minimize the visual field occupied by potentially triggering images. If symptoms suggesting a seizure are felt, covering one eye immediately and turning away from the screen can help prevent a full seizure. Individuals with known photosensitive epilepsy should consult their doctor regarding game-playing habits and potential medication adjustments.
Responding to a Seizure
If someone experiences a seizure while playing, providing first aid is important. Gently ease the person to the ground if they are falling, and turn them onto one side to maintain a clear airway. Clear the area around them to prevent injury from involuntary movements. Placing something soft under their head, like a jacket, can provide cushioning.
Do not restrain the person or put anything in their mouth. Time the seizure, and if it lasts longer than five minutes or if another seizure occurs soon after, call for emergency medical attention.