Plagiocephaly refers to an asymmetrical distortion of the skull, often characterized by a flattening on one side. While frequently associated with infants, where it is often termed “flat head syndrome” or positional plagiocephaly, the condition can also persist into adulthood. In babies, the skull bones are still soft and pliable, making them susceptible to reshaping from external pressure.
Understanding Adult Plagiocephaly
The key difference between infant and adult plagiocephaly lies in cranial suture development. In infancy, skull bones are unfused and flexible, but by adulthood, these sutures harden and fuse, making the skull rigid. This means non-surgical methods effective for infants, like repositioning or helmet therapy, do not alter an adult skull’s shape. Adult plagiocephaly can stem from several origins. A common cause is untreated or insufficiently corrected plagiocephaly from infancy. In some instances, adult skull asymmetry may be due to craniosynostosis, a condition where one or more cranial sutures prematurely fuse during development, leading to an abnormal head shape that persists into adulthood. Trauma or certain medical conditions can also contribute to or exacerbate cranial asymmetry in adults.
Surgical Interventions
Surgical correction represents the primary definitive treatment option for significant adult plagiocephaly. The general goals of such procedures are to reshape the cranial vault, aiming for improved symmetry and a more harmonious head contour. This often involves complex neurosurgical techniques designed to remodel the skull bones.
For cases where the asymmetry is linked to craniosynostosis, surgery addresses the underlying premature fusion of the skull sutures. This can involve releasing the fused sutures and then reshaping the skull. While primarily aesthetic, these interventions can, in some instances, also alleviate functional concerns if the original condition caused pressure or other issues. These procedures are intricate and typically performed by specialized neurosurgeons or craniofacial surgeons.
Other Approaches and Management
Non-surgical approaches, like helmet therapy, do not physically reshape the adult skull. However, other strategies focus on managing the appearance or related symptoms. Cosmetic solutions can help camouflage the asymmetry. This might involve specific hairstyles or the use of headwear to create a more balanced visual perception. If facial asymmetry is a significant associated concern, orthodontic or maxillofacial surgery might be considered, though these procedures directly address facial structures rather than the skull shape itself. Physical therapy may also be beneficial if the plagiocephaly is associated with neck issues, such as torticollis, which can cause compensatory head postures.
What to Expect from Treatment
Adults considering treatment for plagiocephaly should approach the process with realistic expectations. While surgical intervention can achieve significant aesthetic and, in some cases, functional improvement, complete correction to a perfectly symmetrical head is not always attainable. The extent of improvement depends on the severity of the initial deformity and the specific surgical approach. Recovery from cranial vault remodeling surgery can be substantial, involving a period of healing and potential discomfort. Like any complex surgical procedure, there are inherent risks, including infection, bleeding, or complications related to anesthesia. Consulting specialists, such as neurosurgeons and craniofacial surgeons, is a crucial step to discuss feasibility, potential outcomes, and guide decision-making based on the individual’s specific condition and concerns.