Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or within an ovary. They are common, with many individuals experiencing them without realizing it. While most are benign and resolve without intervention, some can grow large enough to cause various symptoms. This article explores the relationship between ovarian cysts and constipation, other potential indicators, and their diagnosis and management.
The Link Between Ovarian Cysts and Constipation
Ovarian cysts can cause constipation. This often arises from the cyst’s physical presence and size within the abdominal cavity. As a cyst grows, it can exert pressure on nearby organs, including parts of the digestive system like the colon or rectum. This external compression can impede the normal passage of stool, making bowel movements difficult.
Cyst location also affects symptom type and severity. A cyst pressing directly against the bowel can disrupt its function, causing fullness or blockage. Pelvic inflammation from some cysts can also indirectly affect bowel motility and cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including constipation.
This pressure can slow waste movement through the intestines, making stools harder to pass. While smaller cysts may not cause noticeable bowel changes, larger or strategically located cysts are more likely to interfere with digestive processes. Persistent constipation, especially when accompanied by other pelvic symptoms, may indicate an ovarian cyst.
Recognizing Other Ovarian Cyst Symptoms
Ovarian cysts can cause other symptoms. Pelvic pain is a common sign, often described as a dull ache or sharp sensation in the lower abdomen, which may occur on one side or come and go. Many individuals also experience bloating or abdominal fullness, sometimes more pronounced on the side where the cyst is located.
Discomfort during sexual intercourse can occur. Changes in menstrual patterns are common, including heavier or irregular periods, or lighter than usual bleeding. Cyst pressure can also lead to frequent urination by pressing against the bladder.
Some individuals might experience nausea or unease. A persistent dull ache in the lower back may also indicate an ovarian cyst. These symptoms highlight the broader clinical picture of ovarian cysts.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve naturally, some symptoms require prompt medical evaluation. Sudden, severe abdominal pain, especially if accompanied by fever or vomiting, requires immediate attention. Such acute pain could signal a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion, where the ovary twists, cutting off its blood supply.
Other concerning signs include light-headedness, fainting, or rapid breathing. Persistent and worsening constipation or other abdominal symptoms should also prompt a healthcare visit. These indicators suggest a potential complication requiring timely diagnosis and management.
Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cyst diagnosis typically begins with a pelvic exam, where a healthcare provider feels for unusual swelling. If a cyst is suspected, an ultrasound is commonly the next step. This imaging technique uses sound waves to create detailed images of the ovaries, helping to determine the cyst’s size, location, and whether it is fluid-filled or solid.
For larger or concerning cysts, further imaging like an MRI or blood tests, such as a CA125 test, may be performed. The CA125 test measures a protein that can be elevated in certain conditions, including ovarian cancer, though high levels can also be caused by non-cancerous factors like endometriosis or infection.
Many ovarian cysts, especially functional cysts that form as part of the menstrual cycle, often disappear within a few months without specific treatment. For asymptomatic cysts, a “watchful waiting” approach is often recommended, with follow-up ultrasounds to monitor resolution. Pain management with over-the-counter medications can help alleviate discomfort.
If a cyst persists, causes significant symptoms, or concerns arise due to its size or characteristics, medical intervention may be necessary. Hormonal birth control can prevent new cysts by regulating the menstrual cycle. Surgical removal of the cyst (cystectomy) or, less commonly, the entire affected ovary (oophorectomy) might be considered.
Surgical procedures often use minimally invasive laparoscopy, involving small incisions and a camera for precise removal. For very large or complex cysts, a laparotomy, involving a larger incision, may be chosen. Intervention depends on the cyst’s nature, symptoms, and overall health.