Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer that begins in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell in the body’s immune system. These cancerous cells originate in the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and glands throughout the body. This article clarifies the relationship between Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and hair loss, addressing whether the disease itself causes it or if it is primarily a side effect of medical treatments.
Hair Loss and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma typically does not directly cause hair loss. The disease primarily impacts the lymphatic system, where lymphocytes grow abnormally, forming tumors. While lymphoma can cause symptoms like swollen lymph nodes, fever, and fatigue, it generally does not directly affect hair follicles.
In rare instances, certain types of lymphoma, particularly cutaneous lymphoma affecting the skin, might lead to hair loss. This occurs when cancer cells directly damage hair follicles. For example, folliculotropic mycosis fungoides, a variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, can cause patchy hair loss. However, hair loss is overwhelmingly linked to lymphoma treatments rather than the disease itself.
Treatment-Induced Hair Changes
Hair loss is a common side effect of many cancer treatments, especially for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Chemotherapy is a primary cause, as these powerful medications target rapidly dividing cells throughout the body, including healthy hair root cells. This can lead to hair loss on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body hair. The extent of hair loss depends on the specific drugs, dosage, and treatment schedule. Hair loss usually begins two to four weeks after starting chemotherapy and can continue throughout treatment.
Radiation therapy can also cause hair loss, but this effect is typically limited to the treated area. If radiation is applied to the head or neck, hair loss will occur in that localized area. Unlike chemotherapy-induced hair loss, which is usually temporary, hair loss from radiation therapy can sometimes be permanent, particularly with higher doses.
Newer treatments, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies, are less likely to cause complete hair loss than chemotherapy. However, they can still lead to hair thinning or partial hair loss. Targeted therapies interfere with specific molecules involved in cancer growth, while immunotherapies boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer. Some of these agents can still disrupt hair growth cycles, resulting in changes to hair density and texture.
Coping with Hair Loss
Experiencing hair loss can be an emotionally challenging aspect of cancer treatment, often affecting self-esteem and identity. Many individuals find it helpful to prepare for hair loss before treatment begins, perhaps by cutting hair short or shaving the head, which can provide a sense of control.
Various options exist for managing appearance during hair loss, such as wearing wigs, scarves, hats, or turbans. Choosing a wig before treatment can allow for a better match to one’s natural hair color and style. Soft, breathable fabrics like cotton or bamboo are recommended for head coverings to prevent scalp irritation. Some individuals may choose not to cover their heads, embracing their new appearance.
Scalp care is important during this period, as the scalp can become sensitive, itchy, or dry. Using gentle, fragrance-free shampoos and moisturizers can help soothe the scalp. Protecting the scalp from sun exposure and cold temperatures with sunscreen or head coverings is advisable. Seeking emotional support from healthcare professionals, support groups, or loved ones can help individuals navigate the psychological impact of hair loss.
Hair Regrowth After Treatment
Hair loss from Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma treatment is almost always temporary, with hair typically beginning to regrow once treatment concludes. Most people see initial hair regrowth, often as soft fuzz, within a few weeks to three months after their last chemotherapy session. More significant regrowth usually occurs within three to six months. Within six to twelve months, many individuals will have substantial hair growth, long enough to style.
New hair commonly has a different texture, color, or thickness than before treatment. This is sometimes referred to as “chemo curls” if the new hair grows back curlier. These changes are usually temporary, with hair often returning to its original characteristics over several months to a year as chemotherapy drugs leave the system and hair follicles recover. However, in some cases, changes can be permanent.
Caring for the scalp and new hair during the regrowth phase involves gentle practices. It is advisable to continue using mild shampoos and conditioners, and to avoid harsh chemicals like dyes or perms until the hair is stronger. Limiting the use of heat styling tools and brushing hair gently with a soft brush or wide-toothed comb can also help protect fragile new growth. Hair growth can be slow, and it may take several years for hair to reach its previous length, especially for those who had very long hair.