Candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans. This organism naturally lives on the skin and inside the body, but an imbalance in the body’s natural flora can lead to an infection. While most frequently associated with women, men can also develop a genital yeast infection. This article explores transmission risk, symptoms in men, and necessary steps for treatment and prevention.
Transmission Risk to Male Partners
A man can contract a yeast infection from a female partner, particularly through unprotected sexual contact. Although not formally classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), the Candida fungus can be exchanged during intercourse. The risk of transmission is generally low but not insignificant; approximately 15% of men who have unprotected sex with an infected partner may develop symptoms of a penile yeast infection.
Uncircumcised men face a slightly higher risk because the warm, moist environment under the foreskin creates an ideal breeding ground for Candida. The risk increases if the female partner has an active, untreated infection. If the man contracts the infection and remains untreated, the couple risks a “ping-pong” effect, passing the infection back and forth. Abstaining from sexual activity until both partners are symptom-free is recommended to break this cycle of reinfection.
Identifying Male Yeast Infection Symptoms
When Candida causes an infection in men, the condition is often referred to as Candidal Balanitis, which is inflammation of the head of the penis. Symptoms typically manifest as localized irritation rather than a systemic issue. A common sign is a red, itchy rash that appears on the glans, or head of the penis.
The rash may have a glazed, shiny appearance, and small, red spots or blisters might be visible on the skin. Men may also notice a thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese, often collecting under the foreskin in uncircumcised individuals. Other uncomfortable symptoms include a persistent burning or itching sensation, pain during urination, or discomfort during sexual activity. While these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, the presence of the characteristic rash and discharge strongly suggests a yeast infection.
Treating and Preventing Recurrence
A male yeast infection is typically straightforward to treat, often beginning with topical antifungal medications. Over-the-counter creams containing ingredients like miconazole or clotrimazole can be applied directly to the affected area for several days to a week. These topical treatments work by directly killing the Candida fungus.
If the infection is severe, recurrent, or does not respond to topical treatment, a doctor may prescribe an oral antifungal medication, such as fluconazole. It is important to complete the full course of medication, even if symptoms improve quickly, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and prevent recurrence. Consulting a healthcare provider is advisable for an accurate diagnosis, as symptoms can mimic other conditions.
Prevention involves simple steps centered on hygiene and moisture control. Men should keep the genital area clean and dry, as Candida thrives in warm, moist environments. Wearing loose-fitting, breathable cotton underwear helps reduce moisture buildup. If a partner has an active yeast infection, using a barrier method like an external condom during sex can reduce the risk of transmission. Men with underlying health conditions like diabetes, which increase the risk of yeast overgrowth, should focus on managing those conditions effectively.