Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a staph infection resistant to common antibiotics like methicillin and penicillin-related drugs. This bacterial strain typically causes skin infections, but can lead to serious conditions in the lungs or bloodstream. Because MRSA spreads easily through contact, people often worry about transmission during close, intimate interactions.
Understanding MRSA Transmission Routes
MRSA is primarily transmitted through direct physical contact with a person who is either infected or colonized with the bacteria. Colonization means an individual carries the bacteria on their skin or in their nose without showing any symptoms of an active infection. The bacteria can enter the body and cause an infection if there is a break in the skin, such as a cut, scrape, or lesion.
MRSA can also spread indirectly by touching contaminated objects and surfaces. The bacteria can survive for hours or weeks on items like towels, bedding, razors, and athletic equipment. Environments with close quarters and frequent skin-to-skin contact, such as gyms or crowded living conditions, create a higher risk for spread. The pus or drainage from an active MRSA sore is highly infectious and is a common source of transmission.
The Specific Risk of Intimate Contact
MRSA is not classified as a traditional sexually transmitted disease (STD) because its spread is not dependent on the exchange of bodily fluids like semen or vaginal secretions. The mechanism of transmission remains skin-to-skin contact, even during intimate activities. However, the close, prolonged physical contact and friction involved in sexual activity can significantly increase the risk of transmission.
The presence of an active MRSA infection, such as a boil or abscess, on either partner elevates the potential for spread. If a sore is located in the genital, perineal, or buttock area, direct contact with that lesion can transfer the bacteria, especially if the recipient has any micro-abrasions or cuts. In some cases, MRSA has been found in the vaginal canal. While not a true STD, MRSA transmission is possible through the intimate skin-to-skin contact that occurs during sex.
Hygiene Practices to Prevent Spread
Individuals can minimize the risk of MRSA transmission within a relationship. The most effective action is maintaining rigorous hand and body hygiene, including regularly washing with soap and warm water. This practice is particularly important after changing bandages, touching an infected area, or engaging in physical activity.
If one partner has an active infection, the lesion must be kept covered completely with a clean, dry bandage until it is fully healed. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, washcloths, and razors, as the bacteria can survive on these objects. Frequent washing of bed linens and clothing in hot water also helps reduce the environmental presence of the bacteria. Barrier methods, such as condoms, may offer some protection by limiting skin contact in covered areas, but they do not protect against lesions located elsewhere on the body.