Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono, is a viral infection often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This contagious illness primarily affects teenagers and young adults, though it can occur at any age. Many individuals who contract mono experience various symptoms, and a common concern is unintended weight loss during the illness. This article explores how mono’s physical manifestations can contribute to a reduction in body weight.
Mono’s Key Physical Symptoms
Mono presents with various physical symptoms that can disrupt daily life and routines. Severe fatigue is a prominent symptom, often debilitating and lasting weeks or months. Individuals often experience a very sore throat, accompanied by swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches. Fever is common, often ranging from 100 to 103 degrees Fahrenheit, especially during the first week; swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, armpits, and groin, are another characteristic sign. These symptoms can make normal activities challenging, impacting an individual’s ability to maintain usual dietary habits.
Why Weight Loss Occurs
Weight loss during mono is an indirect consequence of the body’s response to the infection and the discomfort it causes. A reduced appetite is a common symptom, as general malaise and fatigue can diminish the desire to eat. A severe sore throat makes swallowing painful and difficult, further limiting food intake; this discomfort can lead individuals to avoid eating, even if they feel some hunger. Additionally, fever associated with mono can temporarily increase the body’s metabolic rate, burning more calories than usual. This combination of decreased caloric intake due to reduced appetite and difficulty swallowing, along with an elevated metabolic rate, can lead to a noticeable decrease in weight.
Managing Nutrition During Mono
Managing nutrition during mono supports the body’s recovery while mitigating weight loss. Consuming soft, easy-to-swallow foods can help bypass the discomfort of a sore throat, such as soups, broths, mashed potatoes, yogurt, and smoothies. Staying well-hydrated is important to prevent dehydration, especially with fever; drinking plenty of water, fruit juices, and herbal teas can soothe the throat and maintain fluid balance. Eating small, frequent meals is more manageable than large ones, ensuring a steady supply of nutrients and prioritizing nutrient-dense options like fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Adequate rest allows the body to conserve energy and focus on healing.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While weight loss can occur with mono, certain signs warrant prompt medical attention. Significant or rapid weight loss, particularly if uncontrolled, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Signs of dehydration, such as decreased urination, extreme thirst, dizziness, or sunken eyes, indicate a need for medical consultation. If an individual is unable to eat or drink anything, or if symptoms like fever, sore throat, or fatigue worsen or do not improve after several weeks, medical advice is recommended. Severe abdominal pain, especially on the left side, could indicate an enlarged or ruptured spleen, requiring immediate medical care; any concerns about persistent or severe symptoms should prompt a discussion with a doctor.