Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono, is a viral infection frequently caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This illness typically manifests with symptoms such as fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. Heart palpitations are sensations that your heart is beating unusually, perhaps too fast, too hard, or irregularly. These sensations can feel like pounding, fluttering, or skipped beats in the chest, throat, or neck.
Mono and Heart Palpitations
While not the most common symptom, heart palpitations can indeed be associated with infectious mononucleosis. This connection arises primarily from the body’s inflammatory response to the viral infection.
When the immune system actively fights the Epstein-Barr virus, it releases various inflammatory chemicals throughout the body. This systemic inflammation can place additional stress on the cardiovascular system. The heart works harder to meet the body’s demands during an infection, which can lead to a noticeable change in heartbeat rhythm or intensity. Palpitations in the context of mono are typically a result of this generalized immune activation rather than a direct viral attack on the heart muscle itself.
How Mono Can Affect the Heart
Infectious mononucleosis can sometimes impact the heart through several mechanisms, largely driven by the body’s immune reaction. One such mechanism is myocarditis, which is the inflammation of the heart muscle. This inflammation can disrupt the heart’s normal electrical signaling, potentially leading to irregular heartbeats or palpitations. While myocarditis from EBV is uncommon, it can range from mild to severe.
Another possible effect is pericarditis, an inflammation of the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. Pericarditis can also irritate the heart, causing chest pain and contributing to palpitations.
Additionally, severe cases of mono can sometimes result in anemia, a reduction in red blood cells. Anemia can cause the heart to beat faster to compensate for reduced oxygen delivery, which can also manifest as palpitations.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While heart palpitations can be a benign symptom, it is important to seek medical attention, especially when experiencing them with mono. Contact a healthcare professional if palpitations are frequent, persistent, or worsen over time. Any palpitations lasting longer than a few minutes warrant medical evaluation.
Immediate medical attention is necessary if heart palpitations occur alongside more severe symptoms. These include chest discomfort or pain, shortness of breath, severe dizziness, or fainting. These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying heart condition or complication that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Other Common Causes of Palpitations
Heart palpitations are common and often result from factors unrelated to infectious mononucleosis. Strong emotional responses like stress, anxiety, or panic attacks are frequent triggers. Lifestyle factors also play a significant role, including strenuous exercise, lack of sleep, and the consumption of stimulants such as caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol. Dehydration can also contribute to palpitations.
Certain medications, including some over-the-counter cold remedies and asthma inhalers, can cause palpitations as a side effect. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, are another common cause. Additionally, other medical conditions can lead to palpitations, including thyroid issues like an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) and various forms of anemia. Often, the cause of heart palpitations cannot be identified, and they are usually harmless.