Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina. This imbalance, often an overgrowth of certain bacteria, leads to symptoms like unusual discharge and odor. While BV primarily affects individuals with vaginas, men’s involvement is a frequent question. This article explores how men relate to BV, addressing whether they can contract it and their role in its transmission.
Understanding BV in Men
Men do not “get” Bacterial Vaginosis in the same way women do because BV is a condition specific to the vaginal microbiome. The vagina naturally contains various bacteria, and BV arises when this balance is disrupted, often with an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial Lactobacillus species. Since men do not possess a vagina, they cannot develop this particular imbalance or experience the symptoms characteristic of BV, such as vaginal discharge or a “fishy” odor.
While men cannot contract BV as a condition, they can carry associated bacteria on their genitals, including the penis or within the urethra. These bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, are often present without causing any symptoms in men. The penile microbiome, unlike the vaginal microbiome, does not maintain the same delicate balance susceptible to BV. Therefore, even if BV-related bacteria are present, they typically do not lead to an infection or symptoms in men.
Male Involvement in BV Transmission and Recurrence
Even though men do not experience BV symptoms, their role in its transmission and recurrence in female partners is recognized. Men can harbor BV-associated bacteria on their penile skin or in their urethra, acting as a reservoir. Sexual activity facilitates the exchange of these bacteria between partners. Studies indicate that the presence of certain bacteria in the male penile microbiota correlates with BV development in their female partners.
A male partner carrying these bacteria can contribute to recurrent BV in a female partner. This suggests that while BV is not a traditional sexually transmitted infection (STI), sexual contact plays a role in its spread and persistence. For example, women with regular male partners are more likely to experience BV recurrence. The specific mechanisms are still being explored, but bacterial transfer can disrupt vaginal flora, leading to the imbalance characteristic of BV.
Addressing BV in Partners for Effective Treatment
The involvement of male partners has significant implications for effectively treating recurrent BV in women. If a male partner carries BV-associated bacteria, treating only the female partner might lead to recurrence due to re-exposure. Research indicates that treating both the female partner and her male sexual partner with a combination of oral and topical antibiotics can significantly reduce BV recurrence in women. This approach represents a shift in managing persistent BV.
Medical recommendations are evolving, and studies suggest that concurrent treatment of male partners, particularly in cases of recurrent BV, can be beneficial. For instance, a randomized controlled trial showed that women whose male partners also received treatment had significantly lower recurrence rates of BV within 12 weeks. Open communication between partners and with healthcare providers is important to discuss these treatment strategies and decide on the most appropriate course of action for managing BV within a relationship.