Men can and should be tested for trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a microscopic parasite. While symptoms are often absent in men, testing is important for diagnosis and to prevent further transmission.
Understanding Trichomoniasis in Men
Trichomoniasis is caused by the single-celled parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, which primarily infects the urethra in men. Transmission occurs through sexual contact, including vaginal intercourse, with an infected individual.
Most men infected with Trichomonas vaginalis are asymptomatic, meaning they show no visible signs or symptoms. This allows for unknowingly spreading the infection. When symptoms do occur, they can include irritation or itching inside the penis, mild discharge, or discomfort during urination or ejaculation. Less common symptoms may involve pain or soreness in the penis, testicles, or perineum.
Testing Methods for Men
Diagnosing trichomoniasis in men typically involves specific laboratory tests. The most sensitive and preferred method is nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which detect the genetic material of the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite. Urine samples, particularly first-void urine, are commonly used for NAATs and are considered the best specimen.
Urethral swabs can also be collected for testing, though they are less common for initial screening due to potential discomfort. Microscopic examination of urethral discharge is another method, but it is less sensitive compared to NAATs.
The Importance of Male Testing
Testing men for trichomoniasis is important because they can act as carriers, even when asymptomatic. This allows for unknowingly transmitting the parasite to sexual partners, contributing to ongoing cycles of re-infection and hindering efforts to control the spread of the STI.
While serious complications in men are less frequent, untreated trichomoniasis can lead to conditions such as urethritis, which is inflammation of the urethra. It may also contribute to prostatitis, an inflammation of the prostate gland. Untreated infections can also increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
Treatment and Prevention
Trichomoniasis is a curable infection, with treatment typically involving antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole. These are usually taken orally, often as a single high dose or over several days. It is important to complete the entire prescribed course of medication, even if symptoms improve or disappear.
Simultaneous testing and treatment of all sexual partners of an infected individual is important. This concurrent treatment helps prevent re-infection and stops the further spread of the parasite. To prevent trichomoniasis, consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity is advised. Regular STI testing, particularly when starting a new sexual relationship, also contributes to prevention.