Meloxicam is a prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) primarily used to manage pain and inflammation. This article explores how meloxicam works, its use for headaches, and important safety information.
How Meloxicam Works to Relieve Pain
Meloxicam works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce pain and inflammation. It belongs to the NSAID class of medications, known for their ability to reduce swelling, pain, and fever. There are two main types of these enzymes: COX-1, which maintains normal bodily functions like protecting the stomach lining, and COX-2, which produces prostaglandins that trigger inflammation, pain, and swelling.
Meloxicam preferentially inhibits COX-2, primarily targeting the enzyme involved in inflammation. By reducing the production of these pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, meloxicam helps alleviate pain and inflammation. While it has a preferential effect on COX-2, it can also affect COX-1, which can contribute to some of its side effects.
Which Headaches Meloxicam Can Help
Meloxicam can be considered for certain types of headaches, particularly those with an inflammatory component or moderate to severe pain. It is specifically used for the acute treatment of migraine headaches, which can occur with or without aura. For migraine relief, meloxicam is sometimes prescribed in a combination tablet with rizatriptan.
Meloxicam is not typically a first-line treatment for all headache types, nor is it used for headache prevention or for cluster headaches.
Important Safety Information
Meloxicam is a prescription medication, and its dosage is determined by a doctor based on the patient’s specific condition and individual needs. It is crucial to take the medication exactly as prescribed, without altering the dose or duration of use. Taking more than the prescribed amount can increase the risk of adverse effects.
Common side effects associated with meloxicam can include gastrointestinal issues such as stomach pain, nausea, indigestion, diarrhea, or constipation. Other frequently reported effects include dizziness, swelling, and headache. These effects are usually mild, but any persistent or worsening symptoms should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
More serious side effects, though less common, can occur and require immediate medical attention. Meloxicam, like other NSAIDs, carries a risk of serious gastrointestinal problems, including bleeding, ulcers, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These issues may develop without warning symptoms, and the risk is higher in older adults or those with a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding.
There is also an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, such as heart attack and stroke, especially with long-term use or high doses.
Other serious risks include kidney problems, liver damage, severe skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. Patients should seek emergency medical help if they experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, slurred speech, or signs of stomach bleeding like black or tarry stools.
Meloxicam is not suitable for everyone and has several contraindications and precautions. It should generally be avoided by individuals with a history of stomach ulcers, kidney disease, severe heart failure, or those who have had allergic reactions to aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Its use is generally not recommended during the third trimester of pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus, and breastfeeding mothers should use caution. Meloxicam can also interact with other medications, including blood thinners, certain blood pressure medications, and other NSAIDs. Always inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking.