Manta rays are large, majestic ocean dwellers. Despite their impressive size, these creatures are not considered dangerous to humans. There are no documented cases of manta rays intentionally killing people; they are known for their gentle and docile nature.
Understanding Manta Rays
Manta rays possess distinct physical characteristics that contribute to their harmless nature. They have broad, flattened bodies with elongated, wing-like pectoral fins that can span up to 23 feet wide for giant oceanic mantas, making them the largest rays in the world. Their eyes are located on the sides of their heads, behind horn-shaped cephalic fins. These cephalic fins, which give them their “devil fish” nickname, are used to funnel plankton into their mouths.
Manta rays are filter feeders, consuming microscopic zooplankton like krill and shrimp. They swim with large, forward-facing mouths open, straining water to capture food. Unlike many other ray species, their mouths are at the front of their heads, not on the underside. They have small, peg-like teeth on their lower jaw, but these are not used for feeding. Their temperament is generally calm, curious, and non-aggressive.
Manta Ray Interactions with Humans
When encountering humans, manta rays typically display calm and inquisitive behavior. They are often observed approaching divers and swimmers, sometimes even seeming to interact with them. This curiosity is a hallmark of their nature, as they possess the largest brain-to-body ratio of any fish.
While direct attacks from manta rays are virtually unheard of, any potential risks to humans are accidental. Their substantial size and powerful movements mean a rare, inadvertent collision with a swimmer or diver is possible, potentially resulting in minor injuries. These are not intentional acts of aggression. Divers are encouraged to maintain a safe distance of about 3-4 meters to avoid startling the animals or interfering with their natural behavior. Fatalities from manta ray interactions are exceptionally rare, with most incidents involving accidental contact.
Distinguishing Manta Rays from Other Rays
Confusion between manta rays and stingrays is common, but several key differences set them apart. The most significant distinction is the absence of a venomous stinger in manta rays. Stingrays, in contrast, possess a barbed, venomous tail used for defense, which can inflict painful and occasionally dangerous stings.
Another notable difference lies in mouth placement. Manta rays have a large, terminal mouth at the front of their head, facilitating filter-feeding on plankton. Stingrays, conversely, typically have mouths on their underside, reflecting bottom-dwelling feeding habits. Manta rays are pelagic, inhabiting open ocean waters and swimming continuously. Stingrays are frequently found in shallower coastal areas, often burying themselves in sand for camouflage. The fear associated with “rays” often originates from incidents involving stingrays, not the gentle manta rays.