Lymphoma, a cancer originating in the lymphatic system, affects the body’s immune cells. While cancer is often associated with unexplained weight loss, it’s important to note that individuals with lymphoma can also experience weight gain. This article explores why weight gain can occur with lymphoma, both as a direct result of the disease and as a side effect of its treatments.
How Lymphoma Can Lead to Weight Changes
While unintended weight loss is a recognized symptom of lymphoma, the disease itself can sometimes contribute to weight gain, although this is less commonly observed as a direct initial symptom. One mechanism involves systemic inflammation, where lymphoma can trigger widespread inflammatory responses. This inflammation can lead to fluid retention, causing swelling or edema, leading to an increase in body weight.
Lymphoma can also disrupt the body’s hormonal balance. Certain types of lymphoma or their impact on organs like the thyroid or adrenal glands can alter hormone production, potentially affecting metabolism and fluid regulation. The fatigue and general feeling of unwellness often associated with lymphoma can significantly reduce physical activity levels. If caloric intake remains consistent while energy expenditure decreases, this imbalance can contribute to weight gain.
Weight Gain from Lymphoma Treatments
Weight gain during lymphoma treatment is a common experience, often distinct from the disease’s direct effects. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or dexamethasone, are frequently prescribed alongside chemotherapy to enhance treatment effectiveness, help destroy lymphoma cells, and manage nausea. These medications can stimulate appetite, lead to fluid retention, and alter fat distribution, contributing to weight gain.
Chemotherapy can also cause weight fluctuations. Some chemotherapy drugs may induce fluid retention, resulting in swelling and weight gain. Additionally, chemotherapy can affect metabolism and cause fatigue, further reducing physical activity. Patients might also experience changes in appetite or cravings for comfort foods during treatment, which can lead to increased caloric intake. Emotional stress, anxiety, and depression associated with a cancer diagnosis and its demanding treatment regimen can also play a role, sometimes leading to emotional eating as a coping mechanism.
Recognizing Other Lymphoma Symptoms
Other common symptoms of lymphoma can provide a broader context for individuals experiencing unusual weight changes. A common sign is the painless swelling of lymph nodes, often noticeable in the neck, armpit, or groin. These enlarged nodes are typically firm or rubbery to the touch.
Other systemic symptoms include unexplained fevers, drenching night sweats, and persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest. While this article focuses on weight gain, unexplained weight loss (defined as losing 10% or more of body weight over six months without trying) is also a known symptom. Some individuals may also experience generalized itching without a rash, or symptoms like coughing or shortness of breath if lymph nodes in the chest are affected.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Any persistent, unexplained changes in your body, including significant or unusual weight fluctuations, warrant medical evaluation. If you notice symptoms such as new lumps, unexplained fevers, drenching night sweats, or profound fatigue, consult a healthcare professional. Describe all your symptoms comprehensively to your doctor, as this information can help them assess your situation accurately. Self-diagnosing based on symptoms alone is not recommended; a professional diagnosis is necessary to determine the underlying cause of any health concerns.