Losartan is a medication frequently prescribed to manage high blood pressure, also known as hypertension, and to protect the kidneys in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) works by relaxing blood vessels, which allows blood to flow more easily and thereby lowers blood pressure. While generally considered safe and effective for most individuals, some people may experience side effects, including various gastrointestinal issues.
Common Stomach Issues Associated with Losartan
Losartan can cause common stomach-related side effects. These are typically mild and often resolve as the body adjusts to the medication. Nausea is a frequently reported digestive issue, and some individuals may also experience vomiting. Taking losartan with food might help alleviate these symptoms.
Diarrhea is another common gastrointestinal side effect. In clinical trials, diarrhea occurred in more than 1% of patients. Losartan may affect the movement of the gastrointestinal tract, potentially contributing to diarrhea.
Abdominal pain is also a reported side effect, affecting between 1% and 10% of users. Other less common digestive issues include indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, and flatulence. These mild gastrointestinal symptoms usually do not require medical attention and often diminish over time.
Identifying Serious Symptoms and When to Seek Help
While most stomach issues from losartan are mild, certain symptoms can indicate a more serious condition requiring immediate medical attention. Severe or persistent abdominal pain warrants prompt evaluation. This pain could signal an inflamed pancreas, a rare but serious side effect.
Severe or continuous vomiting, along with persistent diarrhea, should prompt a call to a doctor. These conditions can lead to significant dehydration and dangerously low blood pressure. Any signs of liver problems, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), should be reported immediately.
A rare but serious complication is sprue-like enteropathy, characterized by severe, chronic diarrhea and significant weight loss. This condition can lead to dehydration and may require hospitalization. Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat can indicate an allergic reaction (angioedema), requiring immediate emergency medical help as it can affect breathing.
Never discontinue losartan without consulting a healthcare professional. Stopping this medication abruptly can lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure, which carries its own set of risks, including a higher chance of heart attack or stroke. Always discuss any concerns or side effects with your doctor or pharmacist.