Losartan is a medication primarily prescribed to manage high blood pressure (hypertension) and treat heart failure. It belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Losartan works by blocking angiotensin II, a chemical that constricts blood vessels. This action allows blood vessels to relax and widen, lowering blood pressure and improving blood flow. Losartan also reduces the heart’s workload, protects kidneys in individuals with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, and may lower stroke risk in some patients.
Losartan and Skin Reactions
While Losartan is an effective medication, some individuals may experience skin reactions as a side effect. Itching, rashes, and hives are recognized but generally uncommon reactions. Skin reactions have been observed in a small percentage of patients, such as 4.5% of those taking losartan. These reactions can appear at varying times, often within one to two months of starting the medication, though some may occur later.
A more serious, though rare, skin reaction associated with losartan is angioedema. This involves swelling beneath the skin, often affecting the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and sometimes the hands or feet. While angioedema is more commonly linked to ACE inhibitors, it can occur with ARBs like losartan, though the risk is lower. This swelling differs from typical itching by its deeper tissue involvement.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Recognize when a skin reaction might indicate a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention. Seek emergency medical help if itching is accompanied by widespread rash or hives, especially if symptoms develop rapidly. Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, signs of angioedema, also warrants immediate evaluation.
Difficulty breathing, wheezing, choking, or gasping for air require emergency medical care. Feeling dizzy, lightheaded, faint, or a sudden change in skin color to blue, grey, or pale also signals a severe reaction. For persistent or bothersome itching that impacts your quality of life, contact your doctor to discuss your symptoms. Do not stop taking losartan or any prescribed medication without consulting your healthcare provider first.
General Management of Drug-Related Itching
For mild itching associated with medication, once a healthcare professional has determined it is not a serious reaction, several strategies can help manage discomfort. Keep the skin well-moisturized with fragrance-free lotions to soothe irritation and prevent dryness. Applying cool compresses or taking cool or lukewarm baths, possibly with colloidal oatmeal, can also provide relief. Avoid hot showers, as hot water can further irritate itchy skin.
Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing to reduce friction and irritation. Resist scratching, as this can worsen irritation and potentially lead to skin damage or infection. Over-the-counter antihistamines may alleviate mild itching, and topical corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone cream, can help reduce inflammation. Always discuss any self-treatment options with your doctor to ensure they are appropriate.