Loons are aquatic birds, recognized for their distinct calls and exceptional diving abilities. Water is their primary habitat for nearly all activities. This strong connection often leads to curiosity about their movement on land, which differs significantly from their grace in water.
Built for Aquatic Life
Loons possess anatomical adaptations that make them highly efficient in aquatic environments but limit their mobility on land. Their legs are positioned far back on their bodies, functioning like powerful propellers for swimming and diving. This rearward placement, ideal for generating thrust underwater, makes it nearly impossible for them to achieve an upright posture for walking.
Loons have solid, dense bones. This increased bone density reduces their buoyancy, enabling them to dive deep and remain submerged for extended periods. Their streamlined, torpedo-shaped bodies also minimize water resistance, allowing for swift movement through the water. Loons can compress air from their lungs and feathers, further decreasing buoyancy to facilitate quick, deep dives.
Terrestrial Movement and Vulnerability
Loons cannot walk upright on land; their movement is limited and awkward. They push themselves along on their bellies, often referred to as “scooting,” or shuffle short distances. This ungainly locomotion prevents them from supporting their body weight effectively on solid ground.
When out of water, loons are vulnerable to predators due to their restricted mobility. Sightings of loons on land are rare, occurring only under specific circumstances. Loons can become stranded if they mistake wet pavement for water and attempt to land, as they require a significant expanse of water for takeoff.
Nesting and Brief Shore Excursions
The primary reason loons come ashore is for nesting. They build their nests very close to the water’s edge, often on small islands, marsh hummocks, or secluded shorelines. This strategic placement allows them to easily slide into the water if they perceive a threat, providing a quick escape route.
Loons construct their nests as mounds of dead plant materials, typically measuring around 22 inches in width. They generally lay one or two olive-brown eggs. Any time a loon spends on land outside of the nesting period is usually very brief and for short distances, such as moving to or from the water, or escaping immediate danger. These rare excursions highlight their profound adaptation to an aquatic existence.