Lizards can bite, typically as a defensive reaction when they feel threatened or provoked. While many lizard species are harmless, bites can occur under specific circumstances.
Why Lizards Bite
Lizards bite primarily as a form of self-defense. When threatened, cornered, or surprised, their instinct is to bite to protect themselves. Some species also exhibit territorial behavior, biting to protect their space. Bites can also occur due to mistaken identity, especially with pet lizards who might confuse a human finger for food during feeding.
Understanding the Dangers of a Lizard Bite
The dangers of a lizard bite vary significantly by species. Most common bites are non-venomous, resulting in localized pain, minor bleeding, or bruising. A concern with any lizard bite is the risk of infection, as their mouths can harbor bacteria like Salmonella.
While most lizards are not venomous, two exceptions exist: the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) and the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum). These are the only two known venomous lizard species, found primarily in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Their venom is delivered through grooves in their teeth, not injected like a snake’s fangs, and they often hold on tightly, allowing more venom to enter the wound. Bites from these species are painful and can cause severe symptoms like local pain, swelling, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and dizziness. Fatalities are rare, but these bites require immediate medical attention.
Immediate Steps After a Lizard Bite
If a lizard bites you, remove it carefully if still attached. Thoroughly clean the wound with soap and water to minimize bacterial infection. Apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding, then cover the wound with a clean dressing.
Monitor the bite area for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus. Seek medical attention promptly for deep wounds, persistent bleeding, signs of infection, or if the bite is from a suspected venomous lizard. Medical professionals may recommend antibiotics or a tetanus shot if your immunization is not current.
How to Avoid Lizard Bites
When encountering wild lizards, always respect their space and observe them from a distance. Never attempt to handle wild lizards, as this often triggers defensive bites. Avoid cornering a lizard or making it feel trapped. Be cautious when reaching into dark, enclosed spaces where lizards might hide, such as under rocks or in dense vegetation.
For pet lizards, understanding their body language and handling them properly can prevent bites. Avoid startling them by making your presence known before reaching into their enclosure. Hand-feeding can lead to accidental bites if the lizard mistakes a finger for food, so alternative methods may be preferable. Consistency in care and avoiding stress can help reduce biting behavior in captive lizards.