Lithium is a medication primarily used as a mood stabilizer for managing conditions like bipolar disorder. While offering significant benefits, it can lead to various side effects, including changes in hair health.
Understanding Lithium’s Impact on Hair
Hair changes, including hair loss, are a recognized side effect of lithium, affecting about 10% to 15% of users. While not universal, understanding the possible mechanisms behind this effect can be helpful.
One factor is lithium’s potential to affect thyroid function, sometimes leading to hypothyroidism. This condition, where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, is a known cause of hair thinning and loss. Healthcare providers often monitor thyroid levels to address this.
Lithium may also interfere with the body’s absorption of essential nutrients like zinc and selenium, which are important for healthy hair growth. Additionally, it might directly affect the hair growth cycle, triggering premature shedding. Hair changes are often temporary and can reverse with dosage adjustments or if the medication is discontinued under medical supervision.
Common Forms of Hair Loss
The most common type of hair loss with lithium use is Telogen Effluvium. This condition involves premature shedding of resting hair follicles, leading to diffuse thinning across the scalp. It typically becomes noticeable a few months after starting lithium or a dosage change.
Generalized diffuse alopecia, an overall thinning of hair, can also occur. Less commonly, lithium has been linked to exacerbating or developing alopecia areata, an autoimmune condition causing distinct, often circular, patches of hair loss. Some individuals may also notice changes in hair texture, such as increased dryness or brittleness.
Managing Hair Changes
If you experience hair changes while on lithium, consult a healthcare professional. They may explore strategies such as adjusting the lithium dosage. Lowering the target serum concentration, switching to a sustained-release formulation, or dividing the daily dose can help manage side effects and improve hair health.
Regular monitoring of thyroid function through blood tests is important to address lithium-induced hypothyroidism. Levels of essential nutrients like zinc, selenium, and iron may also be checked, as deficiencies can impact hair. Nutritional support, including a balanced diet and professional-guided supplementation, can contribute to overall hair health.
Adopting gentle hair care practices is also beneficial. Avoid harsh chemical treatments, excessive heat styling, and tight hairstyles. Use mild shampoos and conditioners, and be gentle when combing wet hair to minimize breakage. While hair loss can be distressing, hair growth often resumes once the underlying cause is addressed or medication is adjusted.