Lisinopril is a widely prescribed ACE inhibitor, used to manage high blood pressure, treat heart failure, and improve outcomes after a heart attack. However, dizziness is a known side effect. This article explains why dizziness occurs and how to manage it.
Understanding Why Dizziness Happens
Lisinopril works by relaxing and widening blood vessels. It blocks an enzyme that constricts blood vessels. This relaxation reduces overall blood pressure, making it easier for the heart to pump blood.
The primary reason for dizziness with lisinopril is a sudden drop in blood pressure, known as hypotension. When blood pressure lowers too much, the brain may temporarily receive less blood flow, leading to lightheadedness or dizziness. This effect is often more noticeable when first starting the medication or after a dosage increase, as the body adjusts.
Several factors can increase the likelihood or severity of dizziness. Dehydration, caused by insufficient fluid intake, heavy sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea, reduces blood volume and can intensify lisinopril’s blood pressure-lowering effect. Taking certain other medications, particularly diuretics (water pills), in combination with lisinopril can also further lower blood pressure and contribute to dizziness. Dizziness upon standing up quickly, known as orthostatic hypotension, is a common manifestation of this effect.
Coping with Dizziness and When to Contact Your Doctor
If you experience dizziness while taking lisinopril, sit or lie down promptly to prevent falling or fainting. Once dizziness subsides, rise slowly to allow your body to adjust to the change in posture.
General management strategies can help reduce the occurrence of dizziness. Maintain adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day, especially if you are engaging in physical activity, are in hot weather, or have conditions like vomiting or diarrhea. It is important to avoid operating heavy machinery or driving if you feel dizzy, as your ability to react may be impaired. You should never stop taking lisinopril without first consulting your doctor.
Contacting your doctor is appropriate if the dizziness is persistent, worsens over time, or is accompanied by other mild symptoms such as lightheadedness or fatigue. This allows your healthcare provider to assess whether a dosage adjustment or a change in medication is necessary. They may also check for other contributing factors, such as electrolyte imbalances.
Immediate medical attention is necessary if dizziness is accompanied by more severe symptoms. Seek emergency care if you experience fainting, chest pain, a severe headache, shortness of breath, numbness, or weakness. These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying issue.