Lice can indeed infest the eyelashes, although this is a less common occurrence than infestations of the scalp or body. When lice are found on the eyelashes, it typically involves a specific type of louse, not the common head louse. This particular infestation is medically termed phthiriasis palpebrarum, indicating the presence of lice on the eyelids and eyelashes.
Types of Lice That Affect Eyelashes
The primary louse species responsible for eyelash infestations is Pthirus pubis, commonly known as pubic lice or crab lice. These lice are distinct from head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) and body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus). Pthirus pubis have a broader, more crab-like body and larger claws, specifically adapted for grasping coarse, widely spaced hairs. Their preferred habitat is the pubic area, but they can also infest other areas with similar hair characteristics, such as the armpits, chest, thighs, beard, eyebrows, and eyelashes.
Head lice, in contrast, have an elongated body and smaller claws, making them well-suited for clinging to the finer, more densely packed hairs of the scalp. Body lice mainly live on clothing and only move to the skin to feed. Therefore, these types of lice are highly unlikely to infest eyelashes because their physical adaptations and typical behaviors do not suit this environment. Eyelash involvement is almost always attributed to Pthirus pubis.
Recognizing Lice in the Eyes
Recognizing an eyelash louse infestation, or phthiriasis palpebrarum, often begins with specific symptoms around the eyes. The most common and noticeable symptom is intense itching along the eyelid margins, particularly at the root of the eyelashes. This itching can become more severe during the night when the lice are more active.
Individuals might experience eyelid irritation and inflammation, eye watering, tearing, and redness of the eyes. A burning or gritty sensation in the eyes is also possible. Upon close inspection, small, dark spots at the base of the lashes, which are louse feces, may be observed. The eyelashes might appear clumped or stuck together. Nits, the oval-shaped eggs, or tiny adult lice can sometimes be seen attached to the base of the eyelashes; these are typically translucent and pearly or white-yellowish.
Addressing Eyelash Lice
Treating an eyelash louse infestation involves careful and specific methods, as the eye area is sensitive. One common approach is the mechanical removal of lice and nits using fine-toothed combs, tweezers, or by carefully plucking individual eyelashes where lice or nits are attached.
Topical treatments are also frequently used to suffocate the lice. Applying a thick layer of petroleum jelly to the eyelids and lashes two to three times a day for up to 10 days can effectively smother both the lice and their eggs by blocking their breathing pores. In some cases, a healthcare provider might prescribe specific ophthalmic ointments, such as those containing 1% yellow mercuric oxide or 0.3% tobramycin. Avoid using products designed for head or body lice, such as permethrin shampoos, directly near the eyes unless specifically directed by a doctor, as they can cause significant ocular irritation.
Preventing Eyelash Lice and When to See a Doctor
Preventing eyelash lice primarily involves avoiding close physical contact with infested individuals. Since Pthirus pubis often spreads through close personal contact, including sexual contact, treatment of infestations in all affected areas is important. Washing bedding, clothing, and towels that may have come into contact with an infested person in hot, soapy water (at least 130°F or 54°C) and drying them on high heat can help eliminate any remaining lice or nits. Regular hand washing, especially after touching potentially infested areas, can also prevent transfer to the eyes.
While self-treatment with petroleum jelly can be effective, it is advisable to consult a doctor, particularly if symptoms persist, worsen, or if there are signs of infection. A medical professional can accurately diagnose the infestation, often using a slit lamp microscope to clearly visualize the lice and nits on the eyelashes. This helps differentiate phthiriasis palpebrarum from other eye conditions that may present with similar symptoms, such as blepharitis or eyelash mites. A doctor can also prescribe stronger medicated treatments if needed or manually remove lice and nits.