Kiwi can be grown in Michigan, but success depends entirely on selecting the right species. The common, fuzzy kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) found in grocery stores is not suited for the state’s climate, as it is only reliably cold-hardy down to about 0°F. Gardeners in Michigan must instead choose the extremely cold-tolerant varieties known as hardy kiwi. This smooth-skinned fruit, often called a kiwiberry, requires an understanding of its unique growing needs to ensure a successful harvest.
The Right Kiwi for the Climate
The ability to grow kiwi in Michigan hinges on utilizing species adapted to USDA Hardiness Zones 4 through 6, which cover most of the state. The two primary species for cold climates are the Hardy Kiwi (Actinidia arguta) and the Arctic Beauty Kiwi (Actinidia kolomikta). The standard fuzzy kiwi is typically limited to zones 8 and above.
Hardy Kiwi (A. arguta) is a vigorous vine capable of withstanding temperatures down to approximately -25°F when fully dormant, making it a reliable choice for the region. Popular female cultivars include ‘Anna’ (or ‘Ananasnaya’) and ‘Michigan State’ (sometimes called ‘Jumbo’), which is a locally recognized, large-fruited variety. For those seeking a slightly more compact vine or a greater cold tolerance, Arctic Beauty Kiwi (A. kolomikta) can survive temperatures approaching -40°F.
The smooth-skinned fruit of these hardy varieties is roughly the size of a large grape and can be eaten whole. The partially self-fertile ‘Issai’ is a popular A. arguta selection for smaller gardens, although its yield is significantly improved with a male pollinator nearby. Choosing the correct variety is the most important step for any Michigan grower, ensuring the vine survives its first few winters.
Essential Planting and Site Requirements
Hardy kiwi vines are powerful growers that require careful site selection to thrive and produce fruit. They should be planted in a location that receives full sun for optimal fruit production, though they can tolerate partial afternoon shade. A site that is sheltered from harsh winter winds and, more importantly, protected from late spring frosts is necessary, as tender new shoots are highly susceptible to damage below 31°F.
The soil must be well-drained, as kiwi vines are prone to root rot if they sit in standing water. Amending the planting site with significant organic matter helps achieve the ideal loamy texture and slightly acidic pH, typically ranging between 5.0 and 6.5. Because the vines are extremely vigorous, often reaching lengths of 20 to 40 feet, a robust support system is mandatory from the start.
A heavy-duty trellis, arbor, or pergola similar to those used for grapes is required to manage the vine’s weight and dense canopy. Installing this permanent structure before planting is essential, as attempting to add it later risks damaging the established root system. The support system must be strong enough to withstand the weight of a mature, heavily fruiting vine.
Ensuring Fruit Production (Pollination and Sexing)
Achieving a fruit set from hardy kiwi vines requires understanding their unique reproductive biology, as most varieties are dioecious. This means individual plants are either exclusively male, producing only pollen, or exclusively female, producing the fruit. A male plant must be present and flower simultaneously with the female vines for pollination to occur.
The recommended ratio is to plant one compatible male vine for every six to eight female vines. The male should be positioned upwind and within 30 to 50 feet of the female plants to maximize successful wind and insect pollination. While the flowers are not particularly attractive to honey bees, other insects and air movement help transfer the pollen grains.
Growers must ensure the male and female plants are of the same species (e.g., Actinidia arguta with Actinidia arguta), and that their bloom times overlap for cross-pollination to be effective. A common mistake is planting only a single vine or failing to include a male plant. Female plants typically require three to five years to mature enough to begin flowering and fruiting.
Ongoing Seasonal Maintenance
Successful long-term kiwi cultivation in Michigan depends on a structured annual pruning and training regimen. Both dormant (winter) and summer pruning are necessary to manage the vine’s vigor and maximize fruit yield, which occurs on new shoots growing from the previous season’s wood. Winter pruning, performed while the vine is dormant, focuses on maintaining the permanent structural framework and removing old, non-productive wood.
Summer pruning involves cutting back the rampant vegetative growth, or “water sprouts,” to control the vine’s size and improve light penetration to the developing fruit. Controlling this vigor directs the plant’s energy into fruit development rather than excessive foliage, a process often referred to as spur pruning. Without this consistent maintenance, the vines become an unmanageable, unproductive tangle.
Water needs are moderate and consistent, with deep watering necessary during dry spells, especially as the fruits are sizing up. For winter survival, young vines require extra protection in Michigan’s coldest areas. Applying a heavy layer of organic mulch around the base insulates the root zone, and wrapping the lower trunks can prevent sunscald and cold damage.