Benzonatate is a prescription medication primarily used to alleviate coughs caused by conditions such as the common cold or influenza. It functions as an antitussive agent, meaning it works to suppress the coughing reflex. Benzonatate achieves this by acting as a local anesthetic, desensitizing the stretch receptors located in the lungs and airways. This action reduces the signals sent to the brain’s cough center, thereby diminishing the urge to cough.
Pediatric Use Guidelines
Benzonatate is not recommended for use in children younger than 10 years of age. Studies have not established its safety and effectiveness in this age group. Healthcare providers are advised against prescribing this medication to children under 10 due to serious risks.
For children 10 years of age and older, the recommended dosage is typically 100 milligrams (mg) to 200 mg, taken three times a day as needed for cough relief. However, the maximum daily dose should not exceed 600 mg. It is crucial that benzonatate capsules are swallowed whole without being broken, chewed, or dissolved. This medication is only available by prescription and should be administered strictly under medical guidance.
Understanding Potential Adverse Effects
Benzonatate is not recommended for young children due to severe and potentially life-threatening adverse effects from accidental ingestion or improper use. Even consuming one or two capsules can lead to overdose in children under two years of age. Symptoms of an overdose can manifest rapidly, often within 15 to 20 minutes of ingestion.
These serious reactions can include restlessness, tremors, convulsions, and loss of consciousness. In severe cases, overdose can lead to cardiac arrest and even death, sometimes within an hour of ingestion. If a capsule is chewed or dissolved, its local anesthetic properties can numb the mouth, tongue, and throat, posing a significant choking hazard. The liquid-filled capsules can resemble candy, appealing to young children and increasing the risk of accidental ingestion.
Safe Cough Relief Options for Children
For managing coughs in children, several safe and effective alternatives exist. Non-pharmacological approaches are often the first line of defense. Administering honey to children aged one year and older can help soothe the throat and reduce cough frequency and severity. Honey should never be given to infants under one year old due to the risk of infant botulism.
A cool-mist humidifier can moisten the air, thinning mucus and easing breathing, particularly during nighttime coughing. Saline nasal drops or sprays can loosen dried mucus and clear nasal passages, alleviating congestion that contributes to cough. Adequate fluid intake, such as water or juice, helps keep the child hydrated and thins secretions. If a child’s cough persists, worsens, or is accompanied by a high fever, difficulty breathing, or unusual symptoms, seek prompt medical attention.