Kidney stones are solid, pebble-like pieces of material that form in one or both kidneys when high levels of certain minerals are present in urine. Urinary incontinence refers to any uncontrolled leakage of urine. While kidney stones are not a direct primary cause of incontinence, indirect links or shared symptoms can make it seem so. Understanding these connections is important for recognizing when kidney stones might influence bladder control.
The Connection Between Kidney Stones and Incontinence
Kidney stones can indirectly influence bladder control through several mechanisms. As a stone moves from the kidney down the ureter, it can irritate the bladder. This irritation can lead to increased urgency and frequency of urination, which might be mistaken for or contribute to temporary urge incontinence. The ureter and bladder share nerve pathways, meaning irritation in the ureter can trigger bladder spasms.
A kidney stone can also obstruct urine flow, leading to a backup of urine and increased pressure in the kidney (hydronephrosis). This pressure can strain the bladder, potentially causing overflow incontinence if the bladder cannot fully empty due to the blockage.
Severe pain from a kidney stone, known as renal colic, can cause bladder spasms or a constant feeling of pressure. This can result in frequent urination and difficulty holding urine, contributing to incontinence-like symptoms. The intense pain can disrupt the normal coordination between the brain, bladder, and urinary sphincters.
Kidney stones can also increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are a known cause of urinary urgency and can lead to new onset or worsening of incontinence. An infection can inflame the bladder lining, making it more sensitive and prone to involuntary contractions.
Recognizing Related Symptoms
Several common symptoms of kidney stones might occur alongside or be confused with incontinence symptoms. Sharp, severe pain in the side, back, or below the ribs, known as renal colic, indicates kidney stones. This pain often radiates to the lower abdomen and groin, and it can come in waves.
Urinary changes are also common with kidney stones. These include a frequent or urgent need to urinate, painful urination (dysuria), and difficulty urinating. Some individuals may also notice blood in their urine, or urine that looks cloudy or smells foul. This discoloration or odor can indicate irritation or infection within the urinary tract.
Other general symptoms that may accompany kidney stones include nausea and vomiting. If an infection is present, a person might also experience fever and chills. These systemic symptoms suggest a more significant issue that requires prompt evaluation.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention if you experience symptoms suggestive of kidney stones. Any severe pain, persistent incontinence, visible blood in urine, or signs of infection such as fever and chills warrant immediate medical evaluation. These could indicate a stone causing a blockage or an infection requiring prompt treatment.
Healthcare professionals diagnose kidney stones and related urinary issues. This often involves urine tests to check for blood, crystals, or signs of infection. Imaging tests like CT scans, ultrasounds, or X-rays help visualize the stone’s size, location, and number. Blood tests can also assess kidney function and detect minerals contributing to stone formation.
Treatment for kidney stones depends on the stone’s size, location, and the presence of symptoms or complications. Small stones may pass on their own with pain management and increased fluid intake. Larger stones or those causing blockages or severe symptoms may require medical expulsive therapy, shockwave lithotripsy, or surgical procedures for removal. Addressing the underlying kidney stone resolves any associated incontinence symptoms. Always rely on professional medical advice for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.