Tinnitus, often described as a ringing in the ears, is the perception of sound when no external sound source is present. Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a natural waxy substance found in the ear canal. This article explores whether an accumulation of earwax, known as impaction, can indeed contribute to tinnitus and outlines the appropriate steps to address such a concern.
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the perception of internal noises without an external source. Sounds can include ringing, buzzing, hissing, roaring, clicking, or whooshing. These sounds can manifest in one or both ears or even seem to originate within the head.
Tinnitus varies in loudness and persistence, from constant to intermittent. The most common form is subjective tinnitus, which only the affected individual can hear. A much rarer type is objective tinnitus, which can occasionally be heard by an examiner, often stemming from bodily functions like blood flow or muscle contractions.
Understanding Ear Wax Impaction
Earwax lubricates the ear canal, protects it from water, and traps dust, debris, and microorganisms. Normally, jaw movements like chewing and talking naturally move earwax out of the ear canal, allowing the ear to clean itself effectively.
Earwax impaction occurs when cerumen builds up and completely or partially blocks the ear canal. Common reasons for this accumulation include using cotton swabs or other objects, which can push wax deeper into the ear. Other contributing factors can include narrow ear canals, excessive ear hair, or the frequent use of hearing aids or earplugs. Symptoms of earwax impaction, aside from tinnitus, may include a feeling of fullness in the ear, earache, itching, or a decrease in hearing.
The Connection Between Impacted Ear Wax and Tinnitus
Impacted earwax can cause tinnitus. When blocked by wax, the ear canal alters how sound waves reach the eardrum and inner ear. This disruption of normal auditory signals can cause the brain to compensate by generating phantom sounds, perceived as tinnitus.
Impacted wax can also exert pressure on the eardrum or other inner ear structures. This irritation can trigger or worsen tinnitus symptoms. Trapped wax might also contain foreign objects or debris, irritating the ear canal or eardrum and contributing to internal sounds. Even if earwax is not the sole cause of tinnitus, its presence can exacerbate pre-existing tinnitus, making the sounds more noticeable or bothersome.
Seeking Professional Evaluation
If there is suspicion of impacted earwax, persistent tinnitus, or other concerning symptoms like ear pain, discharge, or sudden hearing loss, it is advisable to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider, such as a general practitioner or an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, can accurately diagnose earwax impaction by examining the ear with an otoscope.
Professionals use safe methods for earwax removal, including irrigation with warm water to soften and dislodge wax. Other techniques include manual removal with instruments like curettes, or microsuction using a small vacuum. Avoid self-removal methods like cotton swabs or ear candles, as these can push wax deeper, cause infection, or damage the eardrum. A professional evaluation can also help rule out other potential causes of tinnitus, ensuring appropriate management.