Egg retrieval is a short, minimally invasive surgical procedure used to collect eggs for freezing or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Mature eggs are retrieved using transvaginal ultrasound aspiration following a phase of controlled ovarian stimulation with hormonal medications. This procedure temporarily shifts the body’s hormonal balance and physical state. Therefore, the first menstrual period afterward differs from a typical cycle, and managing this initial post-procedure bleeding requires special consideration for safety and healing.
Why Internal Menstrual Products Are Avoided Immediately
It is advised to avoid using tampons or any internal menstrual products, such as menstrual cups, during the first period following egg retrieval. This restriction is due to the physical impact of the retrieval procedure. A fine needle is guided through the vaginal wall and cervix to access the ovaries, leaving microscopic puncture sites within the vaginal and uterine area.
Introducing an internal product creates a pathway for bacteria to ascend from the vagina into the pelvic cavity, significantly increasing the risk of developing a pelvic infection. Although the retrieval procedure is sterile, the healing tissues are vulnerable, and internal products can cause friction or irritation. Maintaining pelvic rest, which includes abstaining from placing anything vaginally, is a standard measure to ensure the internal healing process is not disrupted.
Understanding the First Post-Retrieval Menstrual Cycle
The first menstrual cycle after egg retrieval often differs from a usual period due to the high levels of hormones used during ovarian stimulation. These medications cause the uterine lining (endometrium) to thicken more significantly than in a natural cycle.
When estrogen levels dissipate after the procedure, the body sheds this thicker lining, resulting in a heavier menstrual flow. The period may also last a day or two longer than usual. Many people report more intense cramping because the ovaries may still be slightly enlarged and tender from the stimulation and retrieval process. Most individuals can expect their period to arrive between 7 and 14 days after the egg retrieval.
Safe Alternatives and Hygiene Practices
Since internal products are prohibited, the safest method for managing post-retrieval bleeding is the use of external protection. Sanitary pads, panty liners, and period underwear are appropriate choices for collecting the menstrual flow. These external options eliminate the risk of introducing bacteria into the sensitive upper reproductive tract.
Good hygiene practices are particularly important during this recovery phase. Pads should be changed frequently to prevent bacterial growth and maintain cleanliness. Clinicians advise against douching, taking tub baths, or swimming for at least a week following the procedure to avoid waterborne bacteria. Showers are safe, but soaking in water should be avoided until the internal tissues have healed.
When Normal Menstrual Practices Can Resume
The restriction on using tampons is maintained until the physician or fertility clinic explicitly clears the patient to resume normal activities. This period of pelvic rest lasts until the micro-injuries from the aspiration needle are fully closed and the infection risk has subsided. While some clinics set a timeframe of 7 to 10 days post-retrieval, the safest approach is to wait until the end of the first full menstrual cycle.
The return to normal menstrual practices is tied to the healing of the ovaries and the resolution of any post-procedure swelling. Before reintroducing tampons, you should confirm with your medical care team that your recovery is complete. This consultation ensures any ongoing sensitivity or complications are assessed before resuming the use of internal products.