A Neti pot is a device designed to rinse debris and mucus from the nasal cavity using a saltwater solution. People commonly use Neti pots to help alleviate symptoms associated with nasal allergies, sinus problems, or colds. They can also provide relief when dry indoor air irritates nasal passages. While generally considered safe and effective for nasal irrigation, the type of water used for this purpose is particularly important for user safety.
Why Water Quality Matters
The quality of water used for nasal irrigation is paramount due to the direct exposure of nasal passages and sinuses to the solution. Unlike water that is swallowed, which passes through the digestive system where stomach acid can neutralize many harmful organisms, water used in a Neti pot bypasses these protective mechanisms. Introducing unpurified water into these sensitive areas can lead to irritation or serious infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or amoebas.
Safe Water for Nasal Rinsing
Using purified water is a strict recommendation for nasal irrigation to prevent potential health issues. Distilled water is a suitable option, as it undergoes a process of boiling and condensation that effectively removes minerals and contaminants. Similarly, sterile water, specifically treated to eliminate all microorganisms, is safe for nasal rinsing. Both are readily available for purchase in stores.
Another safe alternative is tap water that has been properly boiled and then cooled. To prepare this, bring tap water to a rolling boil for at least one minute, or three minutes if at elevations above 6,500 feet. After boiling, allow the water to cool until it is lukewarm before use. For those who opt for filtered water, it is important to use filters certified to remove cysts and germs, such as those meeting NSF 53 or NSF 58 standards, rather than standard faucet or pitcher filters.
Water Types to Avoid
Certain water types should never be used for nasal irrigation due to significant health risks. Unboiled tap water is unsafe because it can contain microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and amoebas, that cause severe infections when introduced into the nasal passages. A notable risk is the amoeba Naegleria fowleri, often called a “brain-eating amoeba.” While rare, if this amoeba enters the brain through the nose, it can cause a nearly always fatal infection called primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
Unfiltered well water carries similar dangers to unboiled tap water, often with unknown levels of contaminants. Organisms like Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba can thrive in public and private water systems, including pipes and water heaters. Water from natural sources such as rivers or lakes should also be avoided entirely for nasal rinsing, as these sources are highly likely to contain various pathogens and contaminants.
Ensuring Safe Neti Pot Use
Beyond water selection, other safety guidelines are important for effective and safe Neti pot use. You can use pre-packaged saline packets or create a homemade solution by mixing non-iodized salt with the purified water. Avoid using plain water alone, as it can cause a burning sensation due to its non-physiologic nature for nasal lining.
Maintaining the cleanliness of the Neti pot itself is also important. After each use, thoroughly wash and rinse the device with distilled, sterile, or boiled and cooled water. Allow the Neti pot to air-dry completely between uses to prevent bacterial growth. Regularly replacing the device, typically every few months, can further ensure hygiene. If you have any concerns or experience persistent issues, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.