Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy effectively treats obstructive sleep apnea, a condition causing breathing interruptions during sleep. Many individuals rely on CPAP devices for consistent breathing. When CPAP users contract illnesses like COVID-19, a common question is whether the device can still be used safely. With proper precautions, continuing CPAP therapy is often possible and beneficial during a COVID-19 infection.
Understanding the Risks of CPAP Use with COVID
CPAP machines can increase virus transmission risk during a COVID-19 infection. They deliver pressurized air, which can aerosolize respiratory droplets, releasing virus-laden particles into the surrounding environment. These aerosolized viral particles might remain suspended in the air for an hour or more. Contaminated surfaces of the CPAP mask and tubing can also contribute to transmission through direct contact.
CPAP machines release aerosols containing viral particles if the user is infected. While some evidence suggests that CPAP use might not cause significantly more viral spread than normal breathing, speaking, or coughing, the potential for increased exposure to SARS-CoV-2 remains a consideration. Ensuring a proper and leak-free mask seal is important in minimizing the escape of these aerosols and protecting household members.
Essential Precautions for CPAP Users with COVID
If you have COVID-19 and continue to use your CPAP machine, implement specific precautions to minimize transmission risk to others in your household. Isolate yourself, particularly when using the device. Sleeping in a separate bedroom with the door closed, and ideally using a separate bathroom, can reduce exposure for others.
Maintaining a proper, leak-free mask seal is important. A well-fitting mask minimizes air leaks that could carry viral particles into the room. Regularly inspect your mask for wear and tear and ensure it fits snugly to maintain the seal’s integrity, preventing unintended aerosol escape.
Rigorous cleaning and hygiene protocols for your CPAP equipment are necessary. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends daily cleaning of the mask, tubing, and humidifier reservoir using mild soap and warm water, followed by rinsing and air-drying. Change humidifier water daily, and dry the reservoir completely when not in use. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after handling any part of your CPAP device, mask, tubing, and filters.
When to Seek Medical Advice or Pause CPAP Therapy
While continuing CPAP therapy is generally safe during a COVID-19 infection, seeking medical advice or temporarily pausing therapy may be necessary in some circumstances. Contact a healthcare provider if your COVID-19 symptoms worsen, such as severe shortness of breath, persistent chest pain or pressure, new confusion, or an inability to stay awake. These symptoms indicate a potential progression of the illness requiring professional medical assessment.
If a healthcare provider prescribes supplemental oxygen, they will provide specific guidance on how to integrate it with your CPAP therapy or whether CPAP should be temporarily discontinued. CPAP machines can be adapted to deliver oxygen in hospital settings for severe COVID-19, though conventional oxygen therapy may be equally effective and more straightforward for some patients. If hospitalization becomes necessary, medical staff will manage your CPAP use as part of your overall treatment plan.
Discuss any concerns about your CPAP use with your doctor or sleep specialist, especially if you have severe symptoms or receive new medical advice. Do not stop your CPAP therapy without consulting a healthcare professional, as discontinuing treatment for obstructive sleep apnea could lead to a worsening of your sleep apnea symptoms and impact your overall health.