The transition from braces to a retainer marks an important phase in maintaining a newly straightened smile. Retainers must be worn consistently, which necessitates regular and thorough cleaning to prevent the buildup of plaque, bacteria, and odors. Many people consider using denture cleaners, which are widely available and marketed for cleaning oral appliances. While denture cleaners offer a powerful cleaning solution, their chemical composition is primarily designed for the denser, more resilient acrylic of dentures, leading to compatibility considerations for retainers.
Compatibility and Safety of Denture Cleaners
Using denture cleaner for a retainer is generally acceptable for occasional deep cleaning, but it is not recommended as a daily routine. The effervescent tablets often contain oxidizing agents like sodium perborate or potassium monopersulfate, which effectively sanitize and remove stains. These tablets work by releasing oxygen, providing a mechanical cleaning action in addition to chemical disinfection. However, the strength of these chemicals poses a potential problem for certain retainer materials.
Some dental professionals advise against frequent use, suggesting denture cleaners be reserved only for noticeable odor or heavy buildup. The primary concern with regular use is the long-term effect on plastic components, which can lead to discoloration, often a sickly yellow shade. If used, soaking should be limited to the manufacturer’s recommended time, typically about 20 minutes, followed by a thorough rinse.
The safety of denture cleaner depends heavily on the type of retainer being cleaned. Clear plastic retainers, such as Essix or Invisalign-style appliances, can tolerate a short, occasional soak. However, retainers with metal components, like the Hawley retainer, require more caution because the chemical agents can cause corrosion or degrade soldered joints. The active ingredients are formulated for a different type of appliance, making their long-term effects on various retainer materials unpredictable.
Retainer Materials and Potential for Damage
Retainers are constructed from materials that differ significantly from those used in traditional full dentures. Hawley retainers feature a thick acrylic plate with metal wires and clasps. Clear plastic retainers are made from thermoplastic polymers like polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), which are thinner and more susceptible to chemical alteration. Denture cleaners, especially those containing persulfates, can pose a risk to both the plastic and metal parts.
Studies show that prolonged immersion in chemical cleansers can reduce the impact strength of acrylic resins, which are the base material for Hawley retainers. This weakening can make the retainer more prone to fracture over time. The chemical action of the cleanser can also increase the surface roughness of the plastic, creating microscopic areas where bacteria and plaque can more easily adhere and accumulate.
Furthermore, the strong oxidizing chemicals in many denture cleaners can lead to a color change in clear retainers. While they may initially remove stains, repeated exposure, especially with longer soaking times, can cause the plastic to turn an undesirable yellow color. For retainers with metal wires or solder points, the chemical environment may accelerate corrosion, compromising the structural integrity of the appliance.
Safe and Recommended Cleaning Alternatives
A simple and highly effective daily cleaning method involves mechanical scrubbing with a soft-bristled toothbrush and a mild, non-abrasive cleanser. Liquid hand soap or a gentle dish detergent are excellent choices because they break down organic residue without containing the abrasive particles found in most toothpastes. This daily brushing removes the surface film of bacteria and plaque that builds up during wear.
For a deeper weekly clean, effervescent tablets specifically labeled for retainers or aligners are a safer choice, as they are formulated to be less aggressive on the plastic and metal components. Alternatively, a simple mixture of equal parts white distilled vinegar and water can be used to soak the retainer for 15 to 30 minutes. The mild acidity of the vinegar helps to dissolve calcium deposits and mineral buildup, which appear as white, chalky patches.
Diluted hydrogen peroxide is another option, often used in a 1:1 ratio with water for a 20-minute soak, providing an antibacterial effect. Regardless of the soaking solution used, it is necessary to rinse the retainer thoroughly with cool or lukewarm water after cleaning. This final rinse removes all traces of the cleaning agent, preventing chemical residues from irritating the mouth or degrading the retainer material.