Bleeding after wisdom tooth extraction is common, but running out of sterile gauze can cause concern. The impulse may be to grab the nearest absorbent material, like a paper towel, to apply pressure. While the goal is to stop the bleeding, the material used must be safe for an open wound in the mouth to prevent complications. This guidance explains why common household items are unsuitable and suggests temporary, safe options until you acquire proper medical gauze.
Why Paper Towels Are Not Recommended
Avoid using standard paper towels, tissues, or toilet paper to manage bleeding from a wisdom tooth socket. These household products are not sterile and can introduce bacteria into the open surgical site. Introducing foreign bacteria significantly increases the risk of a post-operative infection, complicating the healing process.
These materials break down easily when wet, unlike medical gauze, which maintains structural integrity. As the paper disintegrates, it leaves fine cellulose fibers and lint behind. These fibers can become embedded in the forming blood clot, potentially dislodging it or hindering clot stabilization. Dislodging the blood clot can lead to the painful condition known as alveolar osteitis, or dry socket.
Many paper products contain dyes, perfumes, or bleaching chemicals not meant for internal use or contact with a surgical wound. These chemicals can irritate sensitive gum tissue and may be toxic if absorbed through the open socket. The risk of introducing foreign material or chemicals outweighs the temporary convenience of using a paper towel.
Safe Alternatives for Temporary Use
If you have exhausted your supply of medical gauze and bleeding persists, a few specific household items can serve as a temporary substitute. The best alternative is a regular black tea bag, slightly dampened with cool water and squeezed to remove excess liquid. Black tea contains tannic acid, a natural astringent that helps constrict blood vessels and promote coagulation.
Position the tea bag directly over the extraction site and bite down firmly. If a tea bag is unavailable, use a small, clean piece of cotton from a sterile cotton ball. Avoid cotton swabs or cotton pads, which shred loose fibers. Roll the cotton tightly into a small pellet to prevent fibers from detaching and place it directly over the socket. These alternatives are only a stopgap measure, and you should seek sterile gauze as soon as possible.
Proper Application Technique for Stopping Bleeding
Regardless of the material used—gauze, tea bag, or cotton—the technique for applying pressure is the most important factor in stopping the bleeding. First, ensure the material is rolled or folded into a dense, firm pad small enough to fit directly over the extraction socket. The material must be placed directly over the wound, not loosely in the general area of the mouth.
Once the material is correctly positioned, bite down with firm, consistent pressure for an uninterrupted duration of at least 45 to 60 minutes. Consistent pressure encourages the formation and stabilization of the blood clot, a process called hemostasis. Avoid talking, chewing, or constantly checking the pad during this time, as movement can disrupt clot formation.
After the designated time, gently remove the pad and check the extraction site. Some light oozing or pink-tinged saliva is normal for up to 24 hours after surgery. If bright red bleeding is actively soaking the pad, repeat the process with a fresh, sterile pad for another 45 to 60 minutes. Ensure the head is elevated above the heart to help slow blood flow. If heavy bleeding continues after two or three attempts, contact your oral surgeon immediately for professional guidance.