A vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidal vulvovaginitis, is a common fungal infection. It occurs when there is an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida, which naturally resides in the body but can multiply excessively when the vaginal environment’s delicate balance is disrupted. This overgrowth can cause symptoms such as itching, irritation, and changes in vaginal discharge. Generally, treating a yeast infection during a menstrual period is possible and often necessary to alleviate discomfort and resolve the infection.
Treatment Options During Menstruation
When a yeast infection occurs during menstruation, various treatment options are available. These include both over-the-counter (OTC) products and prescription medications, designed to target the Candida fungus. The choice of treatment may depend on the severity of the infection and personal preference, especially given the presence of menstrual flow.
Over-the-counter antifungal treatments typically come in the form of creams or vaginal suppositories. These products contain active ingredients such as miconazole or clotrimazole, which work by disrupting the fungal cell membranes, inhibiting fungal growth. Antifungal creams are applied directly to the affected external areas around the vagina to reduce irritation, itching, and redness. Vaginal suppositories are inserted into the vagina, where they dissolve and release medication to combat the internal infection.
While vaginal treatments can still be effective during a period, menstrual flow might potentially reduce their concentration or wash some medication away. Many vaginal suppositories are designed to be used for their prescribed duration, often one to three days, even during menstruation, and provide benefits. For those who prefer a less messy or more convenient option during their period, oral antifungal medications are available by prescription.
Fluconazole is a common oral medication that effectively treats yeast infections, often with a single dose. This oral pill can be a convenient choice during menstruation as it bypasses the need for vaginal application. Regardless of the chosen treatment method, it is important to complete the full course of medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the treatment is finished. Adhering to the complete regimen helps ensure the infection is fully eradicated and reduces the likelihood of recurrence.
Managing Symptoms and Comfort
Beyond direct medical treatment, several strategies can help manage discomfort and maintain hygiene. Focusing on comfort measures improves daily well-being. These strategies complement the antifungal treatment and support the body’s natural healing process.
Choosing appropriate menstrual products. While tampons and menstrual cups can be used, breathable cotton pads are more comfortable if irritation is severe, as they allow for more airflow. Change sanitary products more frequently to prevent moisture buildup, which encourages yeast growth. Avoiding scented tampons, pads, and other feminine hygiene products is also recommended, as fragrances can irritate sensitive skin and disrupt the vaginal pH balance.
Proper intimate hygiene plays a role in managing symptoms. Gently cleansing the external genital area with mild, unscented soap and water; douching should be avoided as it can disrupt the natural vaginal flora and worsen irritation. Wearing breathable underwear, such as those made from cotton, promotes airflow and reduces moisture in the genital area, discouraging further yeast proliferation. Incorporating probiotics, either through diet or supplements, may help restore the natural balance of beneficial bacteria in the vagina, potentially aiding in recovery and prevention.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many yeast infections are treated with over-the-counter medications, there are specific situations when seeking medical advice is important. Consulting a healthcare provider ensures an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, especially since other conditions can present with similar symptoms.
It is advisable to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen after completing over-the-counter treatment. This indicates the infection is resistant to common antifungals or is caused by a less common type of fungus requiring different medication. Individuals experiencing recurrent yeast infections, defined as four or more infections within a year, should consult a doctor to investigate underlying causes and discuss long-term management strategies.
A healthcare provider should also be consulted for a first-time yeast infection, particularly if there is uncertainty about the diagnosis. Unusual discharge or a strong, foul odor accompanying symptoms warrants medical evaluation, as these may signal a different type of vaginal infection, such as bacterial vaginosis, which requires distinct treatment. Furthermore, pregnant individuals, those with uncontrolled diabetes, or individuals with weakened immune systems should always seek medical guidance for a yeast infection due to potential complications.