Questions about emergency contraception, often called the morning-after pill, are common. Many wonder if this medication can be used more than once, especially after multiple instances of unprotected sex. Understanding how these pills work and their appropriate use is important for preventing unintended pregnancies.
Taking Emergency Contraception More Than Once
Emergency contraception pills can be taken more than once, even within the same week or menstrual cycle. However, healthcare professionals do not recommend relying on them as a regular method of birth control. While repeated use has no known long-term health risks or impact on future fertility, these pills are not designed for ongoing contraception.
Emergency contraception is less effective than regular birth control. If ovulation has already occurred, these pills may not be effective. Repeated use within the same cycle can also increase the likelihood of side effects. These include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headaches, dizziness, and irregular vaginal bleeding or spotting. Your next period might also be earlier, later, or have a different flow. If vomiting occurs within two to three hours of taking the pill, another dose may be needed.
Understanding Emergency Contraception Options
Two main types of hormonal emergency contraception pills are widely available: levonorgestrel-based pills (like Plan B One-Step) and ulipristal acetate (like Ella). Levonorgestrel pills are most effective when taken within 72 hours (three days) of unprotected sex, with effectiveness decreasing over time. For example, it can be around 94% effective if taken within the first 24 hours but drops to about 58% effective within 72 hours.
Ulipristal acetate can be taken up to 120 hours (five days) after unprotected sex and generally maintains a higher effectiveness rate over this longer window, with studies showing up to 98% effectiveness within 24 hours and around 85% within 120 hours. Both types primarily work by delaying or preventing ovulation, meaning they prevent pregnancy from starting and are not abortion pills. Ulipristal acetate may be more effective than levonorgestrel, especially closer to ovulation or for individuals with a higher body mass index.
Seeking Ongoing Contraception
If you frequently need emergency contraception, consider a more consistent and reliable birth control method. Regular contraception is significantly more effective at preventing pregnancy and often more cost-effective. Examples include daily birth control pills, weekly patches, monthly vaginal rings, or injections given every few months.
Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), such as IUDs or implants, offer highly effective, low-maintenance pregnancy prevention for several years. Consult a healthcare provider to discuss suitable options for your lifestyle and health needs. They can also address sexual health concerns and advise on STI testing.