Magnesium oxide (MgOx) is a common over-the-counter mineral supplement. This article provides general information regarding the use and safety of magnesium oxide during pregnancy. Any decision to take it must be made in consultation with a healthcare provider. Understanding the specific function of the oxide form is key to determining if it is appropriate for use.
Primary Medical Uses of Magnesium Oxide During Pregnancy
A healthcare provider might recommend magnesium oxide to a pregnant patient for two primary reasons related to gastrointestinal function. The first common use is as a laxative to address pregnancy-related constipation, which is a frequent complaint. Magnesium oxide works as an osmotic agent, drawing water into the intestines to soften stool and promote bowel movements.
The second common use for magnesium oxide is as an antacid to relieve heartburn or acid reflux, both of which can become more pronounced during pregnancy. When swallowed, the magnesium oxide neutralizes stomach acid, which helps to alleviate the burning sensation and discomfort. These uses rely on the compound’s immediate action within the gastrointestinal tract, rather than its systemic absorption into the bloodstream.
Safety Profile and Recommended Intake
Magnesium oxide is generally considered safe for short-term use during pregnancy when taken under the direction of a medical professional. The safety profile is connected to its low absorption rate and its use for temporary symptoms. It is important to consult a physician before using it.
The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for elemental magnesium in pregnant individuals ranges from 350 to 400 milligrams per day, depending on age. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for supplemental magnesium is set at 350 milligrams daily for adults, including pregnant women. This UL is established to prevent adverse effects like diarrhea.
Taking high doses of magnesium oxide, especially chronically, can lead to side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramping. Since magnesium oxide has a laxative effect, exceeding the recommended dose significantly increases the risk of these gastrointestinal issues. Individuals with kidney impairment must use magnesium supplements with caution, as their body may not efficiently eliminate excess magnesium.
Magnesium Oxide vs. Other Magnesium Forms
Magnesium supplements come in various chemical forms, each with different properties based on how easily the body can absorb them, a concept known as bioavailability. Magnesium oxide has a very low bioavailability. This makes it an effective local treatment for digestive issues, but a poor choice for correcting a systemic magnesium deficiency.
Forms such as magnesium glycinate or magnesium citrate, by contrast, are considered highly bioavailable. These forms are readily absorbed into the body and are typically recommended when the goal is to increase the body’s overall magnesium levels to address a deficiency.
Magnesium oxide is best reserved for its specific symptomatic uses, such as relieving occasional constipation or heartburn. Using magnesium oxide to treat a systemic deficiency is inefficient due to the poor absorption and the high likelihood of causing diarrhea. The choice of supplement should align with the intended therapeutic goal.