Dextromethorphan (DM) is a common cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter remedies. For breastfeeding parents, the safety of any medication is a primary concern, prompting questions about potential effects on their infant. This article provides information on using dextromethorphan while breastfeeding, helping parents make informed decisions.
What Dextromethorphan Is
Dextromethorphan is a common ingredient in over-the-counter cough and cold medicines. It functions as a cough suppressant, or antitussive medication. Dextromethorphan works by acting on the cough center in the brain, elevating the cough threshold without inhibiting natural clearing mechanisms. This helps reduce the frequency and intensity of coughs caused by minor throat and bronchial irritation, often associated with colds or flu.
Dextromethorphan Use While Breastfeeding
Reputable sources generally consider dextromethorphan a low-risk option for occasional use during breastfeeding, as studies indicate both dextromethorphan and its active metabolite, dextrorphan, transfer into breast milk in very low amounts. One study found estimated infant exposure was minimal, with relative infant doses typically less than 1% of the maternal dose. Organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics and LactMed consider dextromethorphan acceptable for use by breastfeeding parents. However, it is important to choose products that do not contain alcohol, as some liquid formulations may include it, and alcohol should be avoided during breastfeeding. Individual infant factors and the duration of use should also be considered.
Signs to Watch For in Your Baby
While dextromethorphan use during breastfeeding carries low risk, parents should observe their infant for any unusual signs. Potential effects, though uncommon, might include increased drowsiness or unusual fussiness. Parents should also monitor for changes in feeding patterns, such as decreased interest in nursing or poor feeding. While rare, one study noted a single infant developing a rash, though it was not definitively linked to the medication. If any concerning symptoms arise, discontinue the medication and contact a healthcare provider.
Other Ways to Soothe a Cough
Several non-pharmacological methods can help breastfeeding parents find cough relief, such as staying well-hydrated with clear fluids like water or warm lemon water to thin mucus and soothe the throat. Using a humidifier can add moisture to the air, easing airway irritation and reducing coughing. Honey, for adults over one year of age, is a natural remedy to calm a cough. Saline nasal sprays or a neti pot can clear nasal passages and reduce post-nasal drip. Cough drops or lozenges provide temporary relief for sore throats and coughs. When choosing over-the-counter options, single-ingredient products are often preferred to avoid unnecessary medication exposure.
Consulting Your Healthcare Provider
Always consult a healthcare provider before taking any medication, including dextromethorphan, while breastfeeding. This includes your doctor, pediatrician, or a lactation consultant. They can provide personalized advice based on your health history, the infant’s age, and any underlying medical conditions. This consultation is especially important if your infant is a newborn, premature, or has existing health concerns. Discussing your symptoms and current medications ensures you receive the most appropriate and safest guidance for both you and your baby.