An endometrial biopsy removes a small tissue sample from the uterine lining (endometrium) for laboratory analysis, often to investigate abnormal uterine bleeding or check for abnormal cells. Following this procedure, specific post-procedure care instructions are important to minimize the risk of infection and promote a smooth recovery. These guidelines focus on protecting the uterus while the tissue site heals.
Hygiene and Water Exposure Guidelines
Directly after the procedure, avoid submerging the pelvic area in water. Baths, hot tubs, and swimming should be avoided for 48 hours to one week. This restriction is necessary because the cervix may be slightly dilated following the biopsy, creating a pathway for waterborne bacteria to enter the uterus and cause infection.
Showering is safe immediately after the biopsy, as it does not allow water to pool around the vagina. During the initial recovery phase, avoid inserting anything into the vagina, including tampons. Use sanitary pads to manage any post-procedure spotting or light bleeding.
Douching is strongly discouraged, not only during the recovery period but generally, as it can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria. Healthcare providers also advise against sexual intercourse for two to seven days to prevent the introduction of bacteria and avoid irritating the sensitive internal tissues while they heal.
Managing Immediate Physical Recovery
Common physical effects include mild to moderate cramping and light bleeding or spotting, similar to a light menstrual period. This discomfort is manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers. Non-aspirin options, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, are recommended, as aspirin can increase bleeding risk.
Limit strenuous activities for the first 24 to 48 hours to allow the body to rest. Avoid strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, or demanding physical labor during this initial recovery window. Most people resume their normal daily routine the day after the procedure.
The restriction on sexual activity prevents infection and avoids physical irritation to the cervix and uterus. Once spotting has ceased and the recommended time period has passed, normal activity can be resumed. Clarify the specific duration of these restrictions with the healthcare provider.
Monitoring for Normal vs. Concerning Symptoms
After an endometrial biopsy, certain symptoms indicate normal healing. These include light spotting (pink, red, or brownish) lasting for a few days, and mild cramping that gradually subsides over one to two days. The cramping should respond well to over-the-counter pain medication.
Signs indicating a potential complication, such as infection or hemorrhage, require immediate medical attention. Contact a healthcare provider if you experience:
- A fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, which suggests a developing infection.
- Foul-smelling or unusual discharge, which also suggests a possible infection.
- Heavy or excessive bleeding, defined as soaking through one sanitary pad per hour for two or more consecutive hours.
- Severe or worsening abdominal pain that is not relieved by pain medication or persists beyond the first few days.