An intrauterine device (IUD) offers a long-acting, reversible method of birth control, providing effective contraception for several years. Following IUD insertion, questions often arise regarding post-procedure care, particularly concerning hygiene and daily activities. Understanding these guidelines is important for comfort and safety.
Showering and Other Immediate Post-Insertion Activities
Showering is generally considered safe immediately after IUD insertion. The IUD is placed inside the uterus, and the cervix, the opening to the uterus, typically closes quickly after the procedure, minimizing the risk of infection from showering.
While showering is permissible, other activities that involve introducing anything into the vagina or submerging the lower body in water are usually restricted for a short period. Healthcare providers commonly advise avoiding baths, swimming, hot tubs, douching, and tampon use for at least 24 to 48 hours, or sometimes up to 7 days, following insertion.
Instead of tampons, sanitary pads are recommended for any post-insertion spotting or bleeding during this initial period. Sexual intercourse should also be avoided for at least 24 hours, or until any discomfort subsides, and some recommendations extend this to up to two weeks. It is always important to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider, as individual recommendations may vary.
Understanding Post-Insertion Guidelines
The primary reason for temporary restrictions on certain activities after IUD insertion is to minimize the risk of infection. During the insertion procedure, the cervix may be slightly dilated, creating a potential pathway for bacteria to enter the uterus. Activities like baths, swimming, or douching could introduce bacteria into the vaginal canal and potentially into the uterus, increasing infection risk.
Similarly, using tampons can also pose a risk by potentially pushing bacteria further into the vagina or by creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth near the cervix. The healing process of the cervix after insertion typically takes a short period, and these precautions allow the area to close and reduce vulnerability to external contaminants.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Monitoring for certain symptoms after IUD insertion is important. While mild cramping and light spotting are common post-procedure, some signs warrant immediate medical attention.
Contact your healthcare provider if you experience severe abdominal pain that does not improve with over-the-counter pain relievers, or if the pain becomes persistent or worsens.
Other concerning symptoms include heavy or prolonged bleeding, especially if you are soaking through more than one pad per hour for two consecutive hours, or passing large blood clots.
A fever above 100.4°F (38°C) or chills, unusual vaginal discharge (such as a foul smell or a change in color or amount), and pain during sexual intercourse should also prompt a call to your provider.
These symptoms could indicate an infection or that the IUD has shifted or been expelled, which occurs in about 2-10% of users, most often within the first three months. If you suspect your IUD has moved, such as feeling the hard plastic of the device or if the strings feel shorter, longer, or are missing, it is important to contact your provider.