Having flat feet, medically known as pes planus, does not automatically disqualify a person from joining the United States military. Eligibility depends entirely on the functional status and symptoms associated with the condition, not just the appearance of the arch. The determining factors focus on whether the flat feet cause chronic pain, limit mobility, or interfere with the rigorous physical demands of military duties. This standard ensures that all recruits are physically capable of performing their required tasks without undue risk of injury.
Criteria for Disqualification
The Department of Defense Instruction (DoDI) 6130.03 outlines the medical standards for military service, stating that pes planus is not disqualifying unless it is symptomatic or impacts function. Individuals with asymptomatic, flexible flat feet are generally acceptable for service. Flexible flat feet are those where the arch reappears when the foot is not bearing weight, such as when standing on the toes.
Disqualification typically occurs when the condition is classified as rigid or symptomatic. Specific disqualifying factors include chronic or severe foot pain not relieved by standard footwear, or a history of surgery to correct the condition. Associated musculoskeletal issues such as severe heel spurs, stress fractures, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, or bunions linked to the flat feet can also lead to disqualification.
The military is concerned that symptomatic flat feet cannot withstand the repeated, high-impact stress of marching, running, and carrying heavy loads. An inability to wear standard military-issued boots without significant pain or limitation is also a disqualifying factor. If the condition requires special accommodations like custom orthotics or specific treatments, it is viewed as a functional limitation that compromises military performance.
The Medical Assessment at MEPS
The physical examination for military service takes place at a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS), where medical personnel assess the functional capability of the feet. This assessment determines if the flat feet are flexible and asymptomatic, or rigid and symptomatic. The medical examiner observes the applicant’s feet while standing barefoot to confirm the flat foot structure.
The examination involves observing the applicant while walking and performing a toe-raise test, which indicates flexibility. If the arch reappears when the individual stands on their toes, it indicates a flexible arch, which is usually acceptable. The examiner also checks for signs of chronic inflammation, limited range of motion, or tenderness that would suggest a symptomatic condition.
Applicants should provide complete documentation of any past diagnoses, treatments, or physician visits related to their feet, as the MEPS doctor reviews these records closely. A history of pain, use of orthotics, or prior surgical procedures will be used to determine if the condition meets the disqualifying criteria outlined in the DoDI. If the assessment determines the condition is disqualifying, the applicant receives a Permanent Disqualification (PDQ) status, which initiates the waiver process.
The Process for Obtaining a Waiver
If an applicant is permanently disqualified at MEPS due to symptomatic or rigid flat feet, a medical waiver must be requested to proceed with enlistment. This formal request for the military to overlook a disqualifying medical condition is managed by the specific branch the applicant is applying to. The recruiter begins the process by compiling the MEPS examination results and all supporting medical documentation.
This documentation should include a letter from a civilian physician, such as a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist, confirming the current stability and functionality of the feet. This letter must attest that the condition is no longer painful, is well-managed, and will not interfere with the physical demands of military training and service. The waiver package is then reviewed by the branch’s medical authority, such as the Service Surgeon General or a designated medical review board.
Waiver approval is not guaranteed and is determined on a case-by-case basis, depending on the needs of the service and the severity of the condition. Factors that increase the likelihood of approval include a demonstrated history of functional capability, such as participation in competitive sports, and a significant period without pain or requiring treatment. The final decision weighs the risk posed by the medical condition against the applicant’s overall suitability and the military’s requirement for recruits.