Many believe a runny nose always accompanies a sinus infection, leading them to dismiss sinusitis if nasal discharge is absent. However, a sinus infection can occur even without this telltale sign. This article clarifies this misconception, explaining how sinus infections can manifest differently than commonly expected.
Understanding Sinus Infections Without a Runny Nose
Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinus cavities, air-filled spaces behind the cheekbones, forehead, and eyes. While a runny nose is a frequently observed symptom, its presence is not universal for diagnosis. The core issue is swelling and inflammation within these passages. This internal inflammation can cause significant discomfort and other symptoms without external nasal drainage. The body’s response varies, so the absence of a runny nose does not rule out a sinus infection.
Other Key Symptoms to Watch For
When a runny nose is absent, other signs indicate a sinus infection. Facial pain or pressure is common, often around the eyes, cheeks, or forehead, worsening when bending over. Headaches, particularly frontal or behind the eyes, are also frequently reported.
Post-nasal drip, where mucus drains down the throat, can lead to a persistent cough, especially at night. A dull ache in the upper jaw or teeth may signal infection, as maxillary sinuses are near upper teeth roots. Fatigue or a feeling of malaise can accompany the infection. Bad breath may develop due to stagnant mucus and bacterial growth. Individuals might also notice a reduced sense of smell or taste.
Reasons for a Lack of Nasal Discharge
A primary reason a sinus infection might not present with a runny nose is blocked drainage pathways. The small openings (ostia) connecting sinuses to the nasal cavity can become obstructed by swelling or thick mucus. This blockage prevents mucus from flowing out.
Instead, mucus within the sinus cavities may become too thick or sticky to drain effectively, remaining trapped. This trapped, stagnant mucus contributes to pressure and pain. Sometimes, inflammation alone causes discomfort and pressure without triggering significant liquid discharge. This condition is informally called “dry sinusitis” or “non-draining sinusitis.”
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist longer than 10 to 14 days without improvement. Severe symptoms, such as intense facial pain, a high fever (over 103 degrees Fahrenheit), or worsening symptoms after initial improvement, require immediate medical attention. Recurrent sinus infections also warrant assessment to identify underlying causes. Vision changes, swelling around the eyes, or a severe headache signal serious complications requiring prompt attention. A doctor can diagnose and discuss treatment options, including antibiotics, nasal corticosteroids, or decongestants.