Swimming while menstruating is common, and many people worry about visible leakage in the water. Understanding the simple physics of being submerged can address the immediate concern about visible flow, though practical and hygienic considerations still exist.
The Science of Menstrual Flow in Water
When the body is submerged in water, the menstrual flow does not actually stop, but it is often temporarily suppressed due to hydrostatic pressure. The external water pressure pushing inward helps counteract the internal pressure and gravity that usually cause menstrual fluid to exit the body.
This pressure acts as a temporary barrier, significantly slowing or inhibiting the release of fluid from the vagina while submerged. If the flow is light, it is highly unlikely that any visible blood will escape into the water.
The internal process of the uterine lining shedding continues, and menstrual fluid continues to collect in the vaginal canal even while swimming. Any sudden movements, such as a cough or change in body position, may temporarily override the hydrostatic pressure and release a small amount of fluid. Flow typically resumes its normal rate immediately upon exiting the water, as the external pressure is removed.
Hygiene and Health Considerations
Swimming while menstruating is generally considered safe and does not pose a significant risk of infection for healthy individuals. Concerns about hygiene are often mitigated by the water source itself, especially in properly maintained swimming pools. Chlorine and other halogens in pool water are designed to kill bacteria, quickly diluting and neutralizing any small amount of menstrual fluid that might be released.
The risk of contaminating the water or attracting sea life in natural bodies of water is minimal, as the fluid is rapidly dispersed and diluted. While swimming, the vaginal canal is not an open cavity that continuously takes in water, which helps prevent infection. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is not a risk of swimming, as this rare condition is associated with the prolonged use of internal absorbent products.
A greater hygiene concern relates to what happens after swimming, which is the time when normal flow immediately resumes. To minimize potential irritation or infection, shower promptly after leaving the water and change out of wet swimwear. Staying in a wet bathing suit for an extended period can create a moist environment that encourages the growth of yeast or bacteria.
Alternative Menstrual Products for Water Activities
For those who wish to swim without using tampons, several effective alternatives provide protection and peace of mind. These options include internal devices that collect fluid and specialized external swimwear.
Internal Collection Devices
Menstrual cups and discs are internal options that collect fluid rather than absorbing it. Both are non-absorbent, meaning they do not take in pool or ocean water, and can often be worn for up to 12 hours.
- A menstrual cup is a flexible silicone device inserted into the vaginal canal, creating a seal to collect the flow.
- Menstrual discs sit higher at the base of the cervix and typically offer a higher capacity than cups, making them suitable for heavier flow days.
Period Swimwear
Specialized period swimwear is an external option designed with built-in absorbent layers and a waterproof barrier. This leak-proof swimwear has a hidden gusset designed to catch and contain menstrual flow. It is useful for lighter flow days or as a backup layer of protection.