Candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is a widespread fungal infection. This condition arises from an overgrowth of Candida species, primarily Candida albicans, which are yeasts naturally present on the body’s skin and mucous membranes. While yeast infections are frequently associated with women, they can affect anyone, regardless of gender. This often leads to questions regarding the potential for transmission to male partners.
Understanding Transmission
A yeast infection can be transmitted from a female partner to a male partner, often through unprotected sexual contact. While Candida albicans is naturally present, an overgrowth can occur due to various factors, allowing transfer during intimate contact.
Although transmission is possible, men are less likely to develop noticeable symptoms compared to women. Approximately 15% of men may experience an itchy rash on the penis after unprotected sex with a partner who has a yeast infection. Despite this transmissibility, yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) because they can also occur without sexual contact. An infection only arises when there is an overgrowth of the normally present Candida.
Signs in Male Partners
If a male partner contracts a yeast infection, symptoms may appear on the head of the penis and under the foreskin. These include redness, itching, burning, and a rash with small red bumps or shiny, white patches. Some men may also notice a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge, possibly with an unpleasant smell. Other symptoms can be soreness, swelling, cracked foreskin, or difficulty pulling back the foreskin. Symptoms can be mild or absent, making detection difficult.
Preventing and Treating Male Yeast Infections
Preventing male yeast infections involves good hygiene and careful consideration during sexual activity. Maintaining a clean and dry genital area is important, as yeast thrives in warm, moist environments. This includes washing the penis thoroughly with warm water and ensuring it is completely dry, especially under the foreskin for uncircumcised men. Avoiding harsh or perfumed soaps can also help prevent irritation that might encourage yeast growth.
Using condoms during intercourse is advisable if one partner has an active yeast infection, as this can reduce the risk of transmission. It is also important for both partners to receive treatment if an infection is present to prevent re-infection. Wearing breathable underwear, such as cotton, and avoiding tight-fitting clothing can help maintain airflow and reduce moisture.
Male yeast infections are treated with antifungal creams or ointments. Many effective over-the-counter options include medications containing miconazole, clotrimazole, or nystatin. These topical antifungals are applied directly to the affected area for one to three weeks, inhibiting fungal growth. For more severe or persistent infections, a healthcare provider might prescribe stronger topical medications or an oral antifungal like fluconazole.
It is important to complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully cleared and reduce recurrence. If symptoms persist or worsen, consulting a doctor for proper diagnosis and tailored treatment is recommended.