Re-establishing or significantly increasing breast milk supply after it has decreased or stopped is a common question for many parents. The process, known as relactation, is often achievable, even after weeks or months of not breastfeeding. While it requires dedication, understanding milk production and implementing targeted strategies can lead to successful outcomes.
Understanding Milk Production
Breast milk production operates primarily on a principle of supply and demand. When a baby suckles, nerve impulses signal the brain to release prolactin and oxytocin. Prolactin signals mammary cells to produce milk, while oxytocin, often called the “let-down reflex” hormone, causes milk to be released into the ducts. The more frequently and effectively milk is removed, the more prolactin is produced, signaling the body to make more milk. This hormonal interplay and mechanical removal are fundamental to maintaining a consistent supply.
Factors That Reduce Milk Supply
Several factors can lead to a decrease in breast milk supply. Infrequent or ineffective milk removal is a primary cause, occurring if a baby feeds fewer than 8 to 12 times in 24 hours, has a weak suck, or an improper latch. Early introduction of solid foods or supplementing with formula can also reduce the baby’s demand. Certain medications, including some hormonal birth control pills, antihistamines, decongestants, or even some herbs, are known to negatively affect milk production. Maternal health conditions such as thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes, or a new pregnancy, along with stress, insufficient sleep, or prior breast surgery, can also contribute to a reduced supply.
Strategies to Increase Milk Supply
Increasing breast milk supply centers on frequent and effective milk removal. Breastfeeding or pumping at least 8 to 12 times in 24 hours is recommended, as consistent stimulation signals the body to produce more milk. Ensuring the baby has a deep and effective latch is important to maximize milk transfer and stimulation. Offering both breasts at each feeding and switching sides multiple times can also help.
Pumping after nursing sessions helps to further drain the breasts and signal increased demand. For those who primarily pump, “power pumping” mimics a baby’s cluster feeding to boost supply. This involves pumping intermittently for about an hour, usually once a day for 3 to 7 days.
Skin-to-skin contact with the baby can promote relaxation and increase oxytocin, aiding milk release. Adequate maternal hydration and nutrition also support milk production. Healthcare providers may discuss “galactagogues,” such as certain herbs or prescription medications, that may help stimulate milk production. These should be used under professional guidance, as evidence for their effectiveness varies and they can have side effects. A supplemental nursing system (SNS) can also be used, allowing a baby to receive additional milk through a thin tube while simultaneously stimulating the breast, which helps encourage milk production and maintains the breastfeeding relationship.
Patience and Professional Guidance
Re-establishing a milk supply requires patience and consistent effort, as it can take days, weeks, or even months to see significant results. The timeline can vary depending on how long milk production stopped and the baby’s age. Relactation may be easier if attempted when the infant is under six months old.
Seeking support from a lactation consultant is highly beneficial. These professionals offer personalized strategies, including guidance on proper latch, effective pumping techniques, and identifying potential underlying issues affecting supply. They provide emotional support and help manage expectations, empowering individuals to work towards their feeding goals.