Mastitis is an inflammation of breast tissue that can sometimes involve an infection. While most commonly associated with breastfeeding, mastitis can occur during pregnancy, though this is rare. Understanding this condition helps pregnant individuals recognize symptoms and seek appropriate care.
Mastitis During Pregnancy
Mastitis during pregnancy stems from physiological changes and other factors. Hormonal shifts prepare the breasts for lactation, leading to increased ductal and lobular growth and heightened vascularity, which can make the breast tissue more sensitive to inflammation and infection. Blocked milk ducts, even without significant milk production, can also contribute to mastitis. This blockage allows bacteria, often from the skin’s surface, to multiply and cause infection. Additionally, a temporarily weakened immune system during pregnancy can also weaken the body’s ability to fight infection.
Symptoms of mastitis can appear suddenly. Symptoms include breast pain, tenderness, and warmth in the affected area. The breast may also appear swollen and red, sometimes in a wedge-shaped pattern. Beyond localized symptoms, mastitis can cause systemic signs like a fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher, chills, and flu-like symptoms such as body aches and fatigue.
Breast tenderness is common in pregnancy, but new or worsening pain, especially with flu-like symptoms and redness, warrants medical attention. Prompt evaluation ensures accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.
Managing Mastitis When Pregnant
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and symptom review. If the condition does not respond to initial treatment or if other breast conditions are a concern, an ultrasound might be recommended. If an infection is present, antibiotics are usually prescribed. Commonly used antibiotics like dicloxacillin, cephalexin, or clindamycin are considered safe during pregnancy. Complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve quickly, to prevent recurrence.
Alongside medical treatment, self-care measures can help manage symptoms. Applying warm compresses to the affected breast can help with pain and potentially improve milk flow, while cool packs can reduce pain and swelling. Gentle massage of the breast, working from the affected area towards the nipple, can also be beneficial. Wearing a supportive, non-constricting bra made of breathable materials can provide comfort and prevent further pressure on the breast tissue. Staying well-rested and maintaining adequate fluid intake are important for recovery and overall health.
Reducing the Risk
Preventing mastitis during pregnancy involves proactive breast care and overall well-being. Good breast hygiene, including regular gentle cleaning with water, is important. Avoid using harsh soaps or alcohol-based cleansers, as these can cause dryness and irritation. Well-fitting, supportive maternity bras made from soft, breathable fabrics can prevent constriction and provide support as breasts change in size and sensitivity.
Gentle breast massage can promote blood circulation and help prevent blockages in milk ducts. Staying well-hydrated and eating a balanced diet contribute to overall health and can support the immune system. Paying attention to any unusual breast changes, such as new lumps, persistent tenderness, or redness, and reporting them promptly to a healthcare provider can facilitate early detection and intervention.