Eye infections can be transmitted from cats to humans, and are often preventable with proper hygiene. While the risk is generally low for many common feline eye conditions, certain cat-borne pathogens can cause human eye infections. Understanding how these infections spread and recognizing symptoms can help in prevention and management.
How Eye Infections Spread from Cats
Eye infections can spread from cats to humans through direct contact with infected ocular secretions or indirectly via contaminated surfaces. One notable cause is Bartonella henselae, the bacterium responsible for Cat Scratch Disease (CSD). If an infected cat scratches or bites a person, or if its saliva enters an open wound or the eye, the bacteria can transmit. This can lead to Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome. Kittens, especially those under one year old, are more likely to carry Bartonella henselae and may be more prone to scratching, increasing transmission risk.
Another bacterial pathogen, Chlamydia felis, commonly causes conjunctivitis in cats and has zoonotic potential. Transmission typically requires direct contact with infected cat eye discharge. While human cases are uncommon, individuals with weakened immune systems may face a higher risk. Fungal infections, such as sporotrichosis, can also transmit from cats to humans, often through contact with infected wounds or feces, and can sometimes affect the eyes.
Parasites like Toxoplasma gondii can cause ocular toxoplasmosis in humans, but direct transmission from a cat’s eye is not the primary concern. Humans usually contract Toxoplasma gondii by ingesting oocysts from cat feces that have been in the environment for at least 24 hours, or more commonly, by consuming undercooked meat. The risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis directly from touching a cat is very low.
Human Symptoms to Watch For
If an eye infection is contracted from a cat, symptoms often resemble common conjunctivitis, also known as “pink eye.” These signs include eye redness, itching, and eyelid swelling. Eye discharge may also be present, ranging from clear and watery to thicker, pus-like, yellow, or green. Individuals might also experience light sensitivity, a feeling of grit or foreign body in the eye, or frequent blinking and squinting.
In cases of Cat Scratch Disease affecting the eye, known as Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, specific symptoms may appear. Along with eye irritation, a lesion or nodule can form on the conjunctiva or eyelid. This ocular involvement is accompanied by swollen lymph nodes, often located in front of the ear or under the jaw on the same side as the affected eye. Other general symptoms like fever can also occur. Eye symptoms typically develop within a few days to a couple of weeks after exposure.
Preventing Infection and Seeking Care
Maintaining good hygiene is a primary method for preventing eye infections from cats. Always wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after petting, handling, or cleaning up after cats, especially before touching your face or eyes. Avoiding rubbing your eyes or touching your face after interacting with a cat can help prevent pathogen transfer.
Keeping your cat healthy through regular veterinary check-ups and prompt treatment of any feline eye infections can also reduce human transmission risk. Preventing cat scratches, especially near the face, is important, and any scratches or bites should be cleaned immediately with soap and water.
If you develop eye irritation, redness, discharge, pain, or vision changes after contact with a cat, consult a doctor or ophthalmologist. Informing your healthcare provider about cat exposure can assist in proper diagnosis and treatment. Similarly, if your cat shows signs of an eye infection, such as discharge or redness, seeking veterinary care is recommended to address the issue and prevent spread. Human eye drops should not be used on cats without veterinary guidance, as they can be harmful.