Allergy shots, or allergen immunotherapy, are a long-term treatment that helps individuals build tolerance to substances triggering their allergies. This therapy involves regular injections of small allergen amounts, gradually desensitizing the immune system. For many, these shots significantly reduce allergy symptoms and the need for daily medication. Pregnancy often raises questions about the safety of continuing or starting allergy shots for both the pregnant individual and the developing fetus.
Continuing Allergy Shots During Pregnancy
If you are already receiving allergy shots and become pregnant, medical guidelines generally support continuing the treatment. The body has typically developed tolerance to allergens at this stage, making reactions less likely. Continuing immunotherapy helps maintain symptom control, which is beneficial for overall health during pregnancy.
It is recommended to continue at the current maintenance dose rather than increasing it. This approach reduces the chance of an adverse reaction, prioritizing safety for the pregnant individual and the fetus. Your allergist will carefully evaluate your situation to determine the appropriate course of action.
Maintaining good allergy control throughout pregnancy is important, as uncontrolled allergy symptoms or asthma can affect maternal well-being. Studies have found no evidence of congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes in women who continued allergy immunotherapy during pregnancy. Some research suggests allergy shots received during pregnancy might reduce the child’s future risk of developing allergies.
Starting New Allergy Shots During Pregnancy
Initiating a new course of allergy shots during pregnancy is generally not recommended. The initial phase of immunotherapy, known as the buildup phase, involves gradually increasing allergen doses. During this period, there is a higher risk of systemic reactions as the body is first introduced to the allergens.
Medical professionals advise against starting treatment. This precaution helps to avoid any unpredictable responses that could pose a risk. It is safer to wait until after delivery to begin immunotherapy.
Potential Reactions and Their Management
Allergy shots can sometimes cause reactions, which range from localized effects to more widespread systemic responses. Local reactions typically involve redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site. These are common and usually resolve on their own.
Systemic reactions are more concerning and can include symptoms such as hives, difficulty breathing, or a drop in blood pressure, known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. For pregnant individuals, anaphylaxis poses risks to both the mother and the fetus due to potential oxygen deprivation or reduced blood flow.
Prompt treatment for anaphylaxis in pregnant patients is similar to that for non-pregnant individuals, with epinephrine being the primary treatment. Healthcare providers will monitor the mother and fetus closely following any severe reaction. Monitoring ensures the well-being of both, and prevention is important.
Other Allergy Management Approaches
When allergy shots are not an option during pregnancy, several other approaches can help manage symptoms. Allergen avoidance is a primary strategy, involving steps like using air conditioning, keeping windows closed, and regularly cleaning to reduce exposure to triggers. Reducing indoor humidity can also help control mold and dust mites.
Certain medications are considered safe for use during pregnancy, but any medication use should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Oral antihistamines like loratadine (Claritin) and cetirizine (Zyrtec) are often recommended. Nasal corticosteroid sprays, such as budesonide (Rhinocort), fluticasone (Flonase), and mometasone (Nasonex), are also commonly considered safe and effective for moderate to severe nasal symptoms.
Saline nasal sprays and nasal irrigation, using devices like a neti pot, can help clear allergens and mucus from nasal passages. Staying hydrated and using a humidifier may also alleviate some symptoms. These methods provide relief without systemic medication exposure.