Otitis externa, commonly known as Swimmer’s Ear, is an infection of the outer ear canal. It is often caused by water remaining in the ear canal after swimming, creating a moist environment where bacteria or fungi can thrive. Symptoms include swelling, inflammation, pain, itching, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. For individuals with upcoming travel plans, the question of whether to fly with this condition becomes a serious concern.
Is Flying Safe with Swimmer’s Ear
Flying with a mild case of Swimmer’s Ear is generally possible, especially if treatment has already begun, but requires consulting a healthcare provider. The primary risk is not the infection spreading, but the intense pain and potential complications from the inability to equalize pressure effectively. Severe cases involving high fever, intense pain, or significant hearing loss should prompt delaying air travel until the condition improves.
The decision to fly depends on the severity of the infection and the degree of swelling in the ear canal. Mild inflammation and minimal pain pose a lower risk. However, an outer ear infection causing significant swelling and blockage can dramatically increase discomfort during the flight. Consulting a doctor beforehand is strongly recommended to get clearance and ensure the infection is managed with appropriate medication.
Why Altitude Changes Affect Swimmer’s Ear
Discomfort during air travel results from rapid changes in cabin pressure, a phenomenon known as barotrauma or “airplane ear.” Aircraft cabins are pressurized to an altitude equivalent of 6,000 to 8,000 feet, which is lower than the pressure at sea level. This pressure difference must be balanced by the body’s internal system to prevent pain.
Pressure equalization occurs in the middle ear, a space behind the eardrum connected to the back of the throat by the Eustachian tube. During ascent and descent, the Eustachian tube opens to allow air to move in or out of the middle ear, ensuring the internal pressure matches the cabin pressure.
Although Swimmer’s Ear affects the outer ear canal, the inflammation and swelling can indirectly complicate this process. The pain in the outer ear makes the entire structure more sensitive to pressure changes. A severely inflamed ear canal can also restrict the eardrum’s movement, exacerbating the sensation of pressure and fullness. This pressure imbalance can severely amplify the intense pain of Swimmer’s Ear and, in severe situations, lead to extreme ear pain or even a ruptured eardrum.
Strategies for Managing Pain and Pressure During Flight
If flying is necessary, first visit a healthcare provider to confirm the infection is under control and obtain pre-flight advice. If ear drops have been prescribed, it is important to use them as directed, which may include a dose immediately before the flight. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can be taken 30 to 60 minutes before takeoff and landing to mitigate pain and reduce inflammation.
Actively engaging the Eustachian tube during the flight’s ascent and descent encourages pressure equalization. Swallowing, yawning, and chewing gum can help open the tubes more frequently. The Valsalva maneuver, which involves pinching the nose shut and gently blowing air out through the nose, can also help force air into the middle ear.
These techniques should be performed frequently, especially during the last 30 minutes of the flight when the plane is descending. Staying awake during takeoff and landing is important, as swallowing is less frequent while sleeping. Earplugs designed to slow pressure changes should be avoided if the outer ear canal is severely infected or draining, as they may trap moisture and further irritate the infection.