Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is a form of vasculitis characterized by the inflammation of medium and large-sized arteries, primarily those in the head and neck. This inflammation causes blood vessel walls to swell and narrow, restricting the flow of blood and oxygen to the body’s tissues. For individuals managing this chronic condition, air travel requires careful planning to ensure safety and prevent complications. This guidance outlines the specific risks of commercial flying with GCA and provides preparation and travel management strategies.
Understanding Specific Risks of Flying with GCA
Air travel presents a unique physiological challenge to a body already managing vascular inflammation. Commercial aircraft cabins are pressurized to an altitude equivalent of 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level, which results in a reduction of available oxygen. This mild state of low oxygen, known as hypoxia, can cause a drop in blood oxygen saturation for all passengers.
For a person with GCA, whose arteries may already be narrowed by inflammation, this mild hypoxia poses a risk of exacerbating ischemic events. Reduced oxygen delivery, especially to the optic nerve or brain, could potentially trigger or worsen severe GCA symptoms, such as a sudden headache or temporary visual disturbances. The general stress and fatigue associated with travel can also increase the risk of a flare-up.
Long periods of immobility during flight also amplify the risk of developing a Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Since GCA is a systemic inflammatory condition, patients may have a higher baseline risk for clotting events. This risk is compounded by the low humidity of the cabin air, which contributes to dehydration and increased blood viscosity.
Essential Pre-Flight Medical Preparation
The primary step before booking any flight is to secure a “fit to fly” clearance from your rheumatologist. This consultation allows your specialist to assess your current disease activity, ensuring your condition is stable enough for the physiological demands of air travel. A physician’s clearance is particularly important if you have experienced GCA-related complications like vision changes or stroke in the preceding weeks or months.
Handling medication logistics requires meticulous planning to prevent disruption in treatment. All medications, especially corticosteroids like prednisone, must be packed in your carry-on luggage to ensure they are accessible and not lost if checked baggage is delayed. Pack an extra supply of medication beyond what is necessary for the trip duration, accounting for potential delays or cancellations.
Ensure all prescription medications remain in their original containers with pharmacy labels intact, as this aids identification during security screening. For international travel, carry a medical summary letter from your doctor outlining your diagnosis, current treatment plan, and contact information. This documentation can expedite screening and is invaluable if you need to seek medical attention while away from home.
Managing Your Health While Traveling
During the flight, mitigating the effects of dehydration and immobility is important. Drink plenty of water throughout the journey to maintain hydration and reduce blood viscosity, but avoid excessive caffeine or alcohol, which contribute to fluid loss. The pressurized cabin environment and low humidity make continuous fluid intake necessary.
To counter the risk of DVT, frequent movement is necessary, particularly on flights longer than four hours. Walk the cabin every hour, perform in-seat exercises like ankle circles and calf raises, and consider wearing compression stockings to maintain good circulation. Simple comfort measures, such as a neck pillow or avoiding heavy lifting, can also help minimize physical stress and fatigue.
For long-haul flights crossing multiple time zones, consult with your doctor about adjusting the timing of your medication, especially prednisone. Be aware of the signs of a serious GCA symptom flare, such as a new, severe headache or any sudden visual change. If you experience these symptoms during the flight, immediately alert the cabin crew so they can initiate emergency medical protocols.