A common question before wisdom teeth removal is whether eating or drinking is permitted. Adhering to pre-operative instructions, especially concerning food and liquids, is of utmost importance for patient safety during the procedure. These guidelines minimize potential complications. This article explores the rationale behind these rules for a safe surgical experience.
Why Fasting is Critical
Fasting before wisdom teeth removal is primarily done to prevent a serious complication called aspiration. Aspiration occurs when stomach contents, such as food or liquids, enter the lungs. Under certain types of anesthesia, the body’s natural protective reflexes, like coughing and swallowing, are suppressed, making it easier for this to happen.
Should aspiration occur, it can lead to severe issues like aspiration pneumonia, a life-threatening lung infection. While local anesthesia, which only numbs the specific area, typically does not require fasting, intravenous (IV) sedation and general anesthesia do. These deeper forms of sedation suppress consciousness and reflexes, making an empty stomach important for safety.
Pre-Surgery Food and Drink Rules
Specific guidelines for food and drink are provided by the oral surgeon and must be followed precisely. Typically, solid foods are restricted for about 6 to 8 hours prior to the procedure. This allows the stomach to empty, reducing the risk of aspiration.
Clear liquids, however, may often be consumed up to 2 to 4 hours before surgery. Clear liquids include water, clear fruit juices without pulp (like apple or white grape juice), black coffee or tea without milk or cream, and sports drinks. It is important to avoid chewing gum or hard candies, as they can stimulate stomach acid production.
Patients should also discuss any necessary medications with their surgeon, as some may be taken with a small sip of water before the procedure, but this must be pre-approved. Instructions vary based on the patient and anesthesia plan, making direct communication with the surgical team important.
What Happens If You Don’t Fast
Failing to adhere to fasting instructions carries significant consequences, with the primary risk being the postponement or cancellation of the surgery. This measure is taken to prioritize patient safety, as proceeding with food in the stomach under anesthesia increases the danger of aspiration.
If surgery were to proceed despite not fasting, the patient faces increased health risks, including the potential for aspiration pneumonia and other respiratory complications. These conditions can prolong recovery and necessitate additional medical treatment.
Should an accidental intake of food or drink occur too close to the surgery time, it is important to immediately inform the oral surgeon’s office or the surgical team. Honesty about any accidental consumption is important for the medical team to make informed decisions and ensure the safest outcome.