Epistaxis, the medical term for a nosebleed, is a common event caused by the rupture of delicate blood vessels lining the inside of the nose. Although seeing blood can be alarming, most nosebleeds are minor and stop with simple first aid. A common concern involves basic care, such as whether it is safe to drink water while bleeding and what activities are safe afterward. Understanding the proper steps to manage a nosebleed and subsequent recovery is helpful.
Essential Steps to Stop a Nosebleed
The first step is to maintain a proper position by sitting up straight and leaning the head slightly forward, never backward. Leaning forward prevents blood from draining down the back of the throat, which can cause irritation or lead to vomiting. This positioning also allows the blood to exit the nose, making it easier to monitor the flow.
Next, firmly pinch the soft part of the nose, just below the bony bridge, using the thumb and index finger. This applies direct pressure to the blood vessels in the anterior part of the nose, where most nosebleeds originate. Keep the nostrils pinched continuously for at least 10 to 15 minutes without releasing pressure to check the bleeding. During this time, breathe calmly through the mouth to maintain airflow.
The Safety of Drinking Water During Bleeding
Drinking water while a nosebleed is active is safe and encouraged, as maintaining hydration is important. The primary caution is not related to the water itself, but to the risk of swallowing blood. Swallowing even a small amount of blood can irritate the stomach lining.
The iron content in blood is upsetting to the digestive system, often leading to nausea or vomiting. Vomiting is problematic because the physical straining increases blood pressure in the head and neck, which can dislodge the forming clot and restart the bleeding. Leaning forward helps mitigate this risk by directing the blood out of the nostrils instead of down the throat. If blood trickles into the mouth, it should be spat out rather than swallowed.
Managing Activity After the Bleed Stops
Once the bleeding has stopped, the focus shifts to protecting the newly formed clot to prevent recurrence. For at least 24 to 48 hours, avoid strenuous activity, heavy lifting, or any exercise that significantly raises the heart rate. Increased blood pressure from exertion can easily disrupt the fragile clot in the nasal passage.
It is important to avoid hot liquids and hot showers for several hours following the nosebleed. Heat causes blood vessels to dilate, which increases blood flow and can encourage the bleed to start again. Avoid blowing the nose if possible; if absolutely necessary, do so very gently. Also, avoid picking or rubbing the nose entirely.
When to Contact a Healthcare Professional
Most nosebleeds can be managed at home, but certain signs indicate the need for professional medical attention. Seek care immediately if the bleeding does not stop after two attempts of pinching the nose for 10 to 15 minutes each. This persistence suggests a larger or deeper vessel may be involved, requiring more advanced treatment.
A nosebleed that occurs after a significant head injury, fall, or blow to the face warrants medical evaluation, as it could signal a more serious underlying issue like a fracture. Excessive blood loss, such as an amount that fills a cup, or experiencing symptoms like weakness, dizziness, or difficulty breathing, are signs of a severe bleed. People who frequently experience nosebleeds or are taking blood-thinning medication should discuss the issue with their doctor.