A dental crown is a prosthetic cap placed over a damaged tooth to restore its shape, size, strength, and appearance. These restorations are cemented onto the natural tooth structure, creating a durable, long-term solution for function and aesthetics. Many people wonder if their favorite habit, chewing gum, poses a risk to the integrity of this fixed prosthetic. This concern is valid, as the mechanical forces and adhesive properties of gum can challenge the delicate bond holding the crown in place.
Understanding the Risk to Dental Crowns
The primary danger of chewing gum to a dental crown is adhesive failure of the dental cement. Gum possesses a highly viscous, sticky matrix that creates a strong physical bond when it contacts the smooth surface of a crown. This interaction is particularly problematic for crowns secured with weaker, temporary cement used during the treatment process.
The repetitive act of chewing applies a constant, cyclical pulling force, known as shear stress, to the crown’s margins. This stress acts directly against the thin layer of dental cement holding the restoration to the underlying tooth. Over time, the gum’s pulling action can fatigue the cement bond, causing microscopic cracks to form and propagate. Older crowns or those with pre-existing marginal leakage are especially susceptible to this mechanical strain, which can lead to loosening.
The crown may loosen gradually over several chewing sessions or be pulled off completely in one strong movement. Dislodgement often occurs if the cement has already degraded due to age or environmental factors. The sticky material gripping the crown’s surface ultimately overcomes the strength of the cement bond.
Choosing Gum That Minimizes Hazard
Selecting the right type of gum is the most effective way to mitigate the risk to your dental work. Sugar-free gums are preferable, not only for preventing decay but also because their chemical composition results in a less tenacious, sticky residue than sugary counterparts. Gum containing refined sugar breaks down into a stickier, more pliable mass during chewing, increasing its potential grip on the crown’s surface.
Texture also plays a significant role, often related to the specific polymer base used. Harder, pellet-style gums maintain a less adhesive consistency than soft, bubblegum varieties designed for maximum pliability. Dentists suggest choosing a gum that is less prone to becoming stringy or excessively stretchy when warmed in the mouth, as this property increases the surface contact area and grip on the crown.
Even with a safer gum choice, modifying your chewing technique can further protect the restoration. Individuals should consciously avoid chewing directly on the side of the mouth where the crowned tooth is located. Using the opposite, uncrowned side reduces the direct mechanical stress applied to the dental cement and prevents the gum from wrapping around the crown margin.
It is beneficial to chew slowly and gently, minimizing the rapid movements that exert maximum pulling force. Alternatively, non-chewing options like sugar-free hard candies or mints can satisfy the desire for fresh breath without the adhesive threat. While no gum is entirely without risk, careful selection and deliberate chewing habits significantly lower the probability of dislodgement.
What to Do If a Crown is Dislodged
If the crown is pulled off while chewing gum, first retrieve the restoration safely to prevent accidental swallowing or aspiration. After removal, gently clean both the inside of the crown and the underlying prepared tooth structure using warm water. Do not scrub the crown vigorously, as this could damage the internal surface needed for re-cementation.
Contact the dental office immediately to schedule an urgent appointment for re-cementation. If a delay is unavoidable, temporary measures can protect the underlying tooth, which may be sensitive and susceptible to decay. Dental wax or temporary dental cement, available in over-the-counter kits, can be applied to the inside of the crown to temporarily place it back onto the tooth.
It is important to ensure the crown is seated correctly. Under no circumstances should household adhesives like superglue be used, as they are toxic and incompatible with dental materials. Temporary cement provides a short-term seal to protect the vulnerable tooth until a professional can permanently re-bond the prosthetic.