Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, and while bleeding is not the most common symptom, it is possible for a UTI to cause blood in the urine. Understanding its potential causes and implications is important.
Understanding Bleeding and UTIs
Bleeding in the urine, medically termed hematuria, can occur with a urinary tract infection due to inflammation and irritation caused by bacteria. When bacteria infect the urinary tract, they can inflame its lining, damaging small blood vessels. This allows red blood cells to leak into the urine.
Hematuria from a UTI can be microscopic or gross. Microscopic hematuria is only detectable under a microscope. Gross hematuria is visible, making the urine appear pink, red, or even brownish, sometimes described as cola-colored. While bleeding can be a symptom, it is not considered a primary or expected symptom for every uncomplicated UTI.
Other Common UTI Symptoms
Beyond potential bleeding, common symptoms of a urinary tract infection include a persistent, strong urge to urinate, even immediately after emptying the bladder. This is often accompanied by a burning sensation or pain during urination (dysuria). Passing small amounts of urine frequently is another common sign.
Urine may also appear cloudy or have a strong, unpleasant odor. Individuals might experience pressure or pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area. If the infection has progressed, pain might extend to the lower back or sides.
When to Seek Medical Care
Any visible blood in the urine warrants a medical consultation, regardless of whether a UTI is suspected. While UTIs can cause hematuria, other more serious conditions can also lead to blood in the urine. Prompt evaluation helps determine the exact cause and ensures appropriate treatment.
Certain symptoms alongside a suspected UTI indicate a need for immediate medical attention. These include fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting, as these can signal that the infection has spread to the kidneys. Pain in the back or flank area (just below the ribs) is another warning sign of a potential kidney infection. Confusion or mental changes can also be a symptom of a more severe infection. If symptoms persist or worsen, seeking medical guidance is important.
Treatment and Prevention
Antibiotics are the standard treatment for urinary tract infections. A healthcare provider will prescribe a specific antibiotic and duration, typically ranging from a few days for uncomplicated cases to longer courses for more severe infections. It is important to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and to help prevent antibiotic resistance. Pain relief medications can also help manage discomfort during treatment.
Several measures can help prevent UTIs:
Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, helps dilute urine and promotes frequent urination, which flushes bacteria from the urinary tract.
Urinating immediately after sexual intercourse can help expel any bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from the anal region from spreading to the urethra.
Avoiding irritating feminine products.