While the term “reverse sneeze” is commonly associated with dogs, humans can indeed experience a similar physiological event. This phenomenon, often referred to as paroxysmal respiration or inspiratory paroxysms, involves a sudden, forceful inhalation of air rather than the outward expulsion seen in a typical sneeze. Although it may appear alarming, this reflex is generally benign and temporary in humans.
What is a Reverse Sneeze in Humans?
A reverse sneeze in humans manifests as a sudden, involuntary series of rapid and forceful inhalations through the nose. This often results in a snorting or gasping sound, which can be disconcerting.
This reflex occurs due to an irritation in the nasopharynx, the area at the back of the nose and above the soft palate. When this sensitive region is irritated, it can trigger a muscle spasm in the throat and soft palate. This spasm temporarily narrows the air passage, causing the body to attempt to inhale forcefully to clear the irritation. The sensation can feel like something is caught in the throat or nasal passages, prompting a reflexive response to clear it.
Common Causes and How to Manage It
Several factors can trigger a reverse sneeze-like event in humans, often involving irritation to the nasal passages, sinuses, or throat. Common causes include post-nasal drip, which allows mucus to irritate the back of the throat, and allergies to substances like pollen, dust, or pet dander. Sudden changes in temperature, exposure to strong odors, or irritants such as smoke and chemicals can also initiate this reflex. Eating or drinking too quickly or even periods of excitement or stress may also contribute to these episodes.
If you experience this sensation, staying calm is helpful, as anxiety can sometimes prolong the episode. Gently massaging the throat or the bridge of the nose can sometimes help to alleviate the spasm and encourage swallowing, which may clear the irritation. Taking slow, deep breaths through the nose and hydrating by drinking water can also soothe the throat and help clear irritants. Using saline nasal sprays or inhaling steam can moisten nasal passages and reduce irritation.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While generally benign, certain signs indicate medical attention is needed. If the episodes become very frequent, prolonged, or are accompanied by pain, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Persistent difficulty breathing between episodes, even if temporary, should also be evaluated.
Additionally, if these events begin suddenly alongside other symptoms such as fever or a persistent cough, or if they are associated with new medications, a medical assessment is recommended. These symptoms could suggest an underlying condition, such as chronic rhinitis, nasal polyps, or an upper respiratory infection, that requires diagnosis and treatment.